Proclivity for open innovation in the case of agricultural and food companies in Serbia

The approach to open innovation presents one of the major trends in terms of constant change and accelerating technological innovation. The given construct proclivity for open innovation involves measuring technology exploration and technology exploitation involving different inside-out and outside-in open innovation activities. In this paper, we are researching the tendency for open innovation on a sample of 102 companies in the agriculture and food sectors in Serbia. The research has shown that companies in the agro-food sector are inclined to open innovation, not just those in high-tech industries that are often the subject of innovation literature. The food sector shows greater proclivity for open innovation in comparison with agriculture in all elements apart from the question of willingness to sell intellectual property. The study was limited to Serbia and cross-countries research would allow establishing the specificities and differences of the proclivity for open innovation in the agro-food sector by regions

Национална економија

Serbian. У овом одељку разматрају се опште карактеристике националне економије. У првом делу приказан је њен историјски развој, који је обухватио привреду у средњовековној српској држави Немањића, преко развоја у оквирима турске феудалне државе, изградње самосталне српске државе након српских устанака и ослобођења од Турске, па до развоја у савременим условима 20. и 21. века. Тај вишевековни развој протицао је у сталним напорима да се превазиђе наслеђена економска заосталост, да се унапреди и модернизује привреда, односно да се претежно аграрна земља претвори у земљу с модерном индустријском привредом, али и уз отпоре изражене у супротној тенденцији да се одржи аграрни, односно сељачки карактер земље. Ипак, био је то процес који се уз мање или више осцилација, али у целини успешно одвијао све до пред крај 20. века. Међутим, почев од последње деценије претходног века земља је током процеса транзиције била деиндустријализована, тако да је сада на нивоу развоја од пре неколико деценија, и стоји пред поновним захтевима за (ре)индустријализацијом. У другом делу разматрају се актуелне карактеристике привреде Србије, подељене у четири сектора. English. In this chapter the main characteristics of the national economy will be considered. In the first part there is explored its historical development. It involves the economy of the middle century Nemanjićs’ Serbian state, through the development in the framework of Turkish feudal state, the building of independent Serbian state after the Serbian uprisings and liberation from Turkey, up to development in modern circumstances of 20th and 21st centuries. This many centuries development characterize constant efforts to overcome the inherited economic backwardness, to move up and modernize the economy, i.e. to transform the predominantly agrarian state to the state with modern manufacturing economy, but also with resistances represented in opposite tendency to keep agrarian, i.e. peasant character of the state. Although, it was the process, that successfully carried out until to last decade of 20th century. But, since this decade the state was deindustrialized through the transition process, so it is now on the level of some decade before, and state is confronted with the repeated need for reindustrialization. In the second part of this chapter the actual characteristics of the Serbian economy are considered, divided in four sectors

ORGANISATIONAL MODELS IN AGRICULTURE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SMALL FARMERS

Agricultural value chains can be understood as the systems of people, organizations and activities needed to create process and deliver agricultural products from producers to consumers. Over time and due to huge changes that have happened in the surroundings, agricultural value chains have become very integrated and complex. Small farmers can prosper by joining in modern higher-level agricultural value chains, but there are numerous obstacles, as well. The work presents the typology of organizational models for agricultural production that consists of the models organised by producers, agribusiness companies (processors, retail chains, and intermediaries), facilitators (governments, non-governmental organisations) and completely integrated models, established by some big companies. None of these models provides ideal solutions from the perspective of small producers. However, they say that the institutions, such as cooperatives and small farmers’ organisations, present important mechanisms for including small producers in modern value chains and realizing the cooperation with agribusiness companies and other important players. This is also important for decision-makers and governmental bodies that should create a suitable environment and provide support so that small farmers and their organisations can integrate in modern value chains in a successful way

Menadžment znanja i upravljanje inovacijama kao izvor poslovnog uspeha i konkurentske prednosti preduzeća

Novo stanje društva zasnovano je na sposobnosti da se stvori novo znanje i da se kroz inovacije proizvoda, usluga i procesa, transformiše u ekonomsku vrednost i bogatstvo. Upravljanje znanjem predstavlja jedan od najefikasnijih načina za poboljšanje rezultata poslovanja u organizacijama.Takođe potrebno je povećati i stimulisati inovacije kako bi se održao korak sa konkurencijom. U radu se bavimo analizom ova dva koncepta upravljanja: znanjem i inovacijama. Dinamičnost oba faktora je nesumnjiva. Sve više se govori ne o menadžmentu znanja već o razvoju znanja. S druge strane svaka inovacija već momentom njene primene počinje da zastareva. Pored aktuelnosti ova tematika je zasnovana na povezanosti između znanja i veštine da se uoče mogućnosti i kreiraju novi načini da se te mogućnosti iskoriste kroz inovacione procese. Krajnji cilj ove implementacije je poslovni uspeh, odnosno konkrentska prednost

Meeting the coming organizational risk challenges in human resources

The research presented in this paper concerns challenges of organizational risk in the field of human resources. Research goals are to determine the degree of importance and influence of human risks in order to achieve a more favorable environment for successful business. The empirical research has been conducted in Serbia during 2015, with a sample of 43 companies from the Processing industry. There were mathematical and statistical methods, multiple regression analysis and logistic regression used. Group's core results showed that over 80% of production companies are aware of the human resources risks and their importance for the business. The contribution of this paper is to prove the scientific significance of the upcoming risks of human resources establishing theoretical and empirical knowledge about the need to improve organization approach to managing these risks

The evolution of organizations: From hierarchical to network organizations

The scope of the research presented in this paper is the historical development of the organization, theory and practice. The main aim is to contribute, through the systematization of historical sources, to the expansion of knowledge and efficiency of people to adopt organizational changes and performances as a process of continuous diagnosis, planning action, implementation, and evaluation in the application of the organizational principles, mission and vision of modern organization. Transfer of knowledge and skills, motivation of human resources, leaders and teams to improve their capacity to solve problems of management and future changes, are all increasingly important for further development of organizational structures and processes. In this process, special roles are played by network organizations, virtual teams and their interconnections, especially in the implementation of changes and their impact on the organization

THE ROLE OF MARKETING AND BRAND IN BANKING

One of the key tasks for modern banks is finding ways and methods for creating sustainable competition advantage in increasingly competitive financial markets. The role of marketing within this task is beyond doubt, especially in bank services quality area. The quality is reached through putting clients in the epicentre and by giving them special treatment. Marketing has been a little slow in taking part in this financial, that is, banking area. This lag is being made up for by more personal attitudes to clients. Information technology application made this way of functioning easier, it created a data base which included some important personal dates in clients’ lives. The ambition to be different is closely connected to brand creation. Once it has been determined what makes a brand, it is necessary to express it through marketing activities. This very relation is the foundation for marketing and brand relationship. These are the main topics of this paper about banking sector specific points. Brands offer rational as well as emotional benefit. It will be even more stressed in the future

Self-employment and enterpreneurship as a choice: An example of Serbia

The transition to a market economy in Serbia still hasn’t created a good enough environment for enterpreneurship to flourish. Enterpreneurship is more commonly manifested as a result of the push effect- the need for work and survival, and it’s success is the result of the pull effect- recognizing business possibilities and market chances. The economic crisis has further increased unwanted demographic movements, especially inside migration of younger and more educated population from rural areas to bigger cities. The only way to battle the high unemployment rate of women and the young in Serbia is to create more attractive conditions for the development of enterpreneurship. That can be acomplished by bettering the macroeconomic ambience of business as well as by funding the need for start-up capital. The first priority is to create the conditions necessary for safe and long term business development. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 47007/III