Le changement climatique à partir de 850 av. J.-C. et l'expansion de la culture scythe

Le changement climatique vers des conditions plus humides lors de la transition du Subboréal au Subatlantique qui a été détecté dans le Nord-Ouest de l\u27Europe est tout aussi évident en Sibérie du Sud. Des régions autrefois semi-désertiques et hostiles sont devenues d\u27attrayantes steppes, où la forte productivité en biomasse végétale a résulté en une plus grande capacité portante du milieu. La partie centrale du Sud de la Sibérie présente un intérêt particulier, puisqu\u27elle se révèle témoin de l\u27accélération du développement culturel et de l\u27augmentation de la densité de population scythe, peu après 850 av. J.-C. Nous proposons une relation causale entre l\u27arrivée d\u27un climat plus humide au début de la période subatlantique et la migration des Scythes de Sibérie, ainsi que la croissance de leur population.The climate shift to more humid conditions at the Subboreal/Subatlantic transition in Northwest Europe is also evident in southern Siberia. Regions that originally were semi-deserts developed into attractive steppe areas with high biomass production, and increased carrying capacity. The central area of southern Siberia is of special interest because of an acceleration of the cultural development and increase of human population density shortly after 850 BC. We hypothesise a causal relationship between the initiation of the humid conditions at the start of the Subatlantic period and the growth and migration of the Scythian population.</p

The First 14C Dating of Monuments in European Scythia

From the 16th International Radiocarbon Conference held in Gronigen, Netherlands, June 16-20, 1997.The first radiocarbon dates for the famous monuments of European Scythia were produced for the Kelermes, Seven Brothers, Solocha and Chertomlyk barrows (burial mounds) by both accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and conventional methods. The obtained 14C dates confirmed the traditional archaeological chronology, which was based on the analysis of written data and typological comparisons of Scythian artifacts with similar objects found in the Ancient East and Greece. The 14C dates for the European Scythian monuments are compared with the Asian ones. The 14C chronology of the European Scythian monuments shows chronological synchronisms between the Asiatic and European monuments. The calibrated ages for the investigated barrows generally agree with the archaeological data.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Radiocarbon archives are made available by Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform February 202

The Strategic Adaptation of Enterprise and Analysis of Methodical Approaches to its Evaluation in the Context of Ukraine’s Integration into the European Union

The article is aimed at researching the theoretical aspects of strategy and adaptation of enterprise with definition of methods for its estimation. The main elements influencing the development of strategic adaptation are analyzed. Practical use of strategic adaptation is substantiated. Methodical approaches of estimation of strategic adaptation are researched, attention is given to formation of strategy of the company. The international scientific researches on the given topic are analyzed and an example of implementation of strategic adaptation is presented. It has been determined that strategic adaptation is a contemporary instrument of the entrepreneurial activity development. The proposed definition together with the methods for estimating adaptation help to understand the nature of the category of economic management. It is determined, that in preparation of strategic adaptation the model of behavior is being considered, which is divided into passive (change of behavior of the company under requirements of environment), active (change of internal and external environment for the purpose of more effective economy management), and conservative (adaptation to the socio-cultural and political-legal conditions)

14C Chronology of Archaeological Sites in European Russia and Changes in Environmental Processes: A Database Investigation

From the 16th International Radiocarbon Conference held in Gronigen, Netherlands, June 16-20, 1997.A large number of 14C dates for archaeological sites in European Russia have been entered into a new database. The database includes >1500 dates for ca. 500 archaeological sites. Because European Russia is a very large area, the database includes subdivisions of territories and regions. We analyzed our 14C dates according to archaeological periods (Paleolithic through Medieval period) and made a comparison with environmental (climatic) parameters. Our database for archaeological sites and monuments offers new possibilities for correlation between the development of ancient cultures and natural-climatic processes.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Radiocarbon archives are made available by Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform February 202

Morphological changes in experimental tuberculosis resulting from treatment with quercetin and polyvinylpyrrolidone

Research objective: Morphological study of tissue necrosis stages in experimental organ-preserving tuberculosis pharmacotherapy using Quercetin and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (QP). Background and methods: 32 laboratory mice of C57BL/6JLacSto strain were used in the experiment. The animals were divided into five groups, six to seven mice in each: group 1- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) uninfected mice; group 2- MBT infected mice; group 3- MBT infected and treated with antituberculosis preparation (ATP); group 4- MBT infected and QP treated; group 5- MBT infected and treated with ATP and QP. The mice were infected through caudal vein injection with MTB H37Rv strain. The preparation QP, which belongs to the capillary-stabilizing-remedy group, was used for the research. The ATP were izoniazid and streptomycin. Results: QP produced a strict delineation of caseous necrosis from the unaffected parts of the connective tissue with fibrosis in the center and a large number of Langerhans cells, which was not observed in the control groups without QP. The combination of QP and ATP had more pronounced effects. In MBT-infected mice, where QP was not used, unlike the group where QP was used, adipose dystrophy of hepatocytes was observed. Thus, the hepatoprotective effect of QP against TB can be suggested. Conclusion: QP produces a clear delineation of caseous necrosis from an uninfected tissue by connective-tissue formation, and by forming fibrotic tissue in the center of epithelioid cells that prevents further TB dissemination by enhancing TB pharmacotherapy

Dendrochronology and Radiocarbon Dating Methods in Archaeological Studies of Scythian Sites

From the 17th International Radiocarbon Conference held in Jerusalem, Israel, June 18-23, 2000.We propose a new method of cross-dating the wood samples based on the classical methods of spectral estimation. This method uses the average cross-spectral density as a function of the relative position of the series. Because it is not sensitive to phase shifts in data it is appropriate for cross-dating samples originating from geographically distinct areas. The accuracy of cross dating depends on the integrity of the samples used, and in the case of well-preserved wood samples, the precision of relative age comparison may reach a single year. The method was tested on two dendrochronological series from Scythian barrows of known age in Southern Siberia: the Pazyryk barrows (the Altai Mountains) and the Dogee-Baary -2 burials (Western Sayan Mountains) separated by 450 km. The analysis has shown that the Pazyryk barrow is younger by 80 +/4 yr than the Dogee-Baary -2 burials. This result is in agreement with the new chronology of Scythian-related sites suggested for Southern Siberia and Central Asia.The Radiocarbon archives are made available by Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform February 202

The Holocene Environment and Transition to Agriculture in Boreal Russia (Serteya Valley Case Study)

This article outlines the results of one of the aspects of a multidisciplinary project currently conducted in the upper part of the basin of the Western Dvina River in North-Western Russia. The project was targeted at prehistoric lake dwelling sites in the valley of Serteya River, a small tributary of the Western Dvina, and aimed at the precise dating of the initial transition from hunting-gathering to agriculture in that area. The methods used included pollen, diatom and geochemical analyses under strict time control provided by radiocarbon dating. The initial settlement emerged at c. 6200 cal. BC, when the valley was filled by a fresh water lake with a relatively high lake-level. The initial indices of agriculture became perceptible in the deposits of Usvyatian Culture (4600-3400 cal. BC), featuring large-scale constructions of pile-dwellings. Indices of swidden type agriculture became apparent in the deposits of Zhizhitsian Culture, 2300-2200 cal. BC

The Spread of the Neolithic in the South East European Plain: Radiocarbon Chronology, Subsistence, and Environment

Newly available radiocarbon dates show the early signs of pottery-making in the North Caspian area, the Middle-Lower Volga, and the Lower Don at 8-7 kyr cal BC. Stable settlements, as indicated by "coeval subsamples," are recognized in the Middle-Lower Volga (Yelshanian) at 6.8 kyr cal BC and the Caspian Lowland at about 6 kyr cal BC. The ages of the Strumel-Gostyatin, Surskian, and Bug-Dniesterian sites are in the range of 6.6-4.5 kyr BC, overlapping with early farming entities (Starčevo-Krs-Criş and Linear Pottery), whose influence is perceptible in archaeological materials. Likewise, the 14C-dated pollen data show that the spread of early pottery-making coincided with increased precipitation throughout the forest-steppe area.The Radiocarbon archives are made available by Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform February 202