5 research outputs found
Photocatalytic degradation of palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) using zinc oxide nanoparticles
Palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) properties still does not achieve the
discharged requirement by the department of environment (DOE). Hence, it would be
a solution to the POMSE treatment to recover and reuse the photocatalyst as to meet
the development of greener and advanced technologies. However, the study on
POMSE treatment using photocatalysis process in presence of ZnO-PEG nanoparticles
and its physicochemical is still limited. Therefore, this study reports on the comparison
of physicochemical properties between the ZnO nanoparticles in presence of the
different type of capping agent Commercial ZnO, ZnO-PEG and ZnO-PVP,
photocatalysis of POMSE by using ZnO nanoparticles and their potential of their
reusability. The physicochemical of the ZnO nanoparticles had been analysed using
XRD, FTIR and TEM where the results show that there are no impurities present in
the samples and presenting the nature and chemical bonds for ZnO-PEG, besides
having less agglomeration and smaller average in size (25-150 nm) compared to
Commercial ZnO and ZnO-PVP. ZnO-PEG nanoparticles have a great potential in
degradation of POMSE and this is supported with the results evaluated from four
potential factors which are (A) different type of photocatalysts, (B) initial pH of the
POMSE, (C) loading of ZnO-PEG and (D) concentration ratio of POMSE. It was
found that all the four main factors were substantial, with contributions of (A) 73%,
(B) 73 %, (C) 84% and (D) 84% respectively, to the POMSE degradation.
Accordingly, the most favourable condition for the photocatalysis process of POMSE
is under pH 6.5 in presence of ZnO-PEG with 0.5 g/L for the 25% of concentration
ratio of POMSE dilution. The calcination methods portrayed the maximum
degradation of POMSE colour after second use by 74% colour removal. Besides, the
same molecular components and structures for XRD and FTIR were portrayed which
indicates the reusability method is performed well
Photocatalytic degradation of industrial dye wastewater using zinc oxide polyvinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles
Due to the lack of studies regarding the potential of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as capping agent in precipitation of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, this research focused on the performance of ZnO nanoparticles with presence of PVP loading on photocatalytic degradation treatment for industrial dye wastewater. Three different samples of ZnO-PVP were successfully synthesized via precipitation method. The degradation rate of dye approached 90.61% under pH7 in the presence of ZnO-PVP (0.025g/L of PVP). The chemical bonds in ZnO-PVP was analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
Photocatalytic degradation of palm oil mill secondary effluent
Palm oil industry is one of the industries that has major disposal problem in disposing the lignocelluloic biomass such as oil palm trunks (OPT), oil palm fronds (OPF), empty fruits bunches (EFB) and palm pressed fibres (PPF), palm shells and palm oil mill effluent (POME) [1]. Amongst all waste produced, POME is the most difficult waste to treat due to its high volume generated [2]. POME consists of 95-96% water, 0.6-0.7% of oil and 4-5% and total solid. Although it was said that POME is nontoxic, however the abundance of POME in water stream could lead to oxygen depletion in water stream as POME contains high amount of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) which later on could lead to plant growth in aquatic region. POME also consists of sterilizer condensate, separator sludge and hydrocyclone (DOE 1999). The treatment of POME generally undergo ponding system, open tank digester and extended aeration system, or closed anaerobic digester and land application system. Palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) is the result of treatment of POME and is characterized by having a thick, brownish color and bad odor wastewater. Although POME was claimed to be treated with one of the systems, several studies showed that the POMSE still exceed the standard discharge limit set by both Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia and Environment Quality Act (EQA)
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Palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) treatment via photocatalysis process in presence of ZnO-PEG nanoparticles
Palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) has high colour intensity, turbidity and organic load of biochemical oxygen demand which still not achieved the discharged requirement by department of environment and led to detrimental to the aquatic life. Photocatalysis process is one of the promising method in wastewater treatment due to its advantages. This study reports on the POMSE treatment using photocatalysis process in presence of ZnO-polyethylene glycol (ZnO-PEG) nanoparticles. The characterization results using fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy show that there are no impurities present in the samples and presenting the nature and chemical bonds of ZnO-PEG besides having less agglomeration and smaller average in size (25–150 nm) compared to commercial ZnO (25–200 nm). ZnO-PEG nanoparticles have a great potential in degradation of POMSE and this is supported with the results obtained from the experimental works. Four potential factors which are different type of (A) photocatalysts, (B) pH of the POMSE, (C) ZnO-PEG loading and (D) concentration of POMSE were evaluated for the significance design of experiment. It is found that all the main factors were significant, with contributions of (A)66%, (B)73%, (C)84% and (D)84% respectively, to the POMSE degradation. Accordingly, the most favorable condition for the photocatalysis degradation process of POMSE is under pH 6.5 in presence of 0.5 g/L ZnO-PEG for the 50% of POMSE dilution. It is believed that this integrated approach can be implemented in the industry to achieve discharged standard of POMSE and maintain the green environment for future generation
Reusability Performance of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Degradation of POME
Performance and reusability of different zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-PVP and ZnO-PEG) for photocatalytic degradation of palm-mill oil effluent (POME) has been studied. The nanoparticles properties were characterised with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM results show that ZnO-PEG nanoparticles exhibit the smaller size than ZnO-PVP with less agglomeration. It was found that ZnO-PEG shows better effectiveness than ZnO-PVP in reducing turbidity, colour and increasing the dissolved oxygen (DO). By using two types of reusability methods: (a) oven drying (b) hot water rinsing, the oven drying method portrayed the most efficient route for POME treatment. This research would be a solution to the palm oil industry for photocatalyst recovering as well as reduction of the chemical usage in order to meet the development of advanced and greener technologies