Integrated of Machining Operation Sequences and Cutting Tools Selection Based Artificial Neural Network for Rotational Parts

Process planning is a central, knowledge extensive and important activity in a manufacturing company. The selection of machining operations sequence and cutting tools are important tasks in process planning. In this paper, the main aim is to develop an integrated process planning and artificial neural networks that can automatically perform the task of process planning for rotational parts". The proposed method consists of two modules; the first module NN1 for selection of machining operations sequence based on feature type and their attribute include dimensional, "tolerance, and surface finish by pre-structure of thumb rule and neural network were employed for automated CAPP. The second module NN2 for cutting tool selection based on the type, condition and dimensional ratio of feature, so the NN1outputs as parameter of input layer for NN2. The methods of training, testing and validation of the network have been used back propagation". Case study has found that the developed system is able to give best prediction solutions for process planning problems so, the proposed approach to explain its selection of machining operation sequences  and cutting tools for using in real manufacturing environment

Frequency of Thyroid Disorders in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan

Background: Two powerful hormones are produced by thyroid gland, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones control all metabolic processes and influence oxygen consumption in nearly all tissues of the body. Objective: To determine the frequency of various thyroid disorders and association of thyroid disorders with age. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at Chemical Pathology and Immunology department, of a tertiary care hospital Lahore, Pakistan from October 2020 to April 2021. Reports of thyroid function test (TFT) of patients from 1st October 2020 to 31st December 2020 were included. Thyroid profile includes three parameters i.e. thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T3 and free T4. Frequency of thyroid disorders was determined according to age and sex. Chi-square was used to determine association between age-groups and vice versa.   Results: Among 239 thyroid profiles of patients, 146 (61%) were found to be within normal range, whereas thyroid profile of 93 (38.9%) patients was disturbed, and they had various thyroid disorders. Frequency of thyroid disorders were significantly associated with age (p value=0.03). Among the patients with disturbed thyroid profile TSH was low in 14 (15.1%) patients and high in 57 (61.30%). Conclusion: More than one-third of the suspected patients were found to have thyroid disorder. Thyroid disorders were significantly associated with age. Thyroid dysfunction was more common among female patients and presentation of hypothyroidism was more common among after 30 years of ag

ACCOUNT HERITABILITY TO DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEART DISEASE AND VARIOUS FATS IN THE HUMAN.

heritability determining the degree of interdependence between the genomes of some serious diseases that infect humans, such as heart disease , Arteriosclerosis, diabetes and others . study showed that most of these diseases does not appear their symptoms on the people despite the presence of the genes responsible for these diseases, but when exposed to environmental stresses which is catalyst for the emergence of symptoms of the disease on people having the disease-causing genes