One Pot and Two Pot Synthetic Strategies and Biological Applications of Epoxy‑Chalcones

Epoxy chalcone is a heterocyclic molecule and an important precursor for the synthesis of biologically active compounds. This mini-review is elucidating the synthetic strategies of chalcone epoxide via one pot and two pot routes including nature of reactants, nature of catalyst and variety of catalyst to improve yield of desired product, biological applications and advantages and drawbacks of these synthetic strategies. One pot route has wide variety of reactants and efcient one is the condensation of aldehyde and ketone. However, two pot route is consisted of chalcone synthesis preceding to epoxy chalcone. The synthetic routes for the preparation of epoxy chalcone and the usage as a precursor for the synthesis of various organic molecules with biological application is comprehensively discussed. This review is outstanding in organic chemistry and pharmaceutical industries to produce new molecules with various applications

Physicochemical And Phytotoxicity Analysis Of Sagobark Waste Compost

Sago bark (SB) waste is available abundantly as sago processing by-products in Sarawak. The release of SB waste into waterways could harm aquatic life and burning of SB will cause air pollution. In this work, SB waste is utilized via composting process to produce compost foragricultural use.The physicochemical characteristics and phytotoxicityof the prepared compost was evaluated monthly. SB compost was prepared by mixing SBwaste with chicken manure and empty fruit brunch (EFB) in ratio 6:6:1. The maturity and stability of compost in three months composting process was evaluated via physicochemical characterization of the composts in terms of pH, total ash content, total organic content and elemental analysis. The effect of the composts usage as growth medium and the phytotoxicitywas assessed towards aromatic lettuce via seed germination. Results showed that after three months, the composts colour were dark brown with earthy smell. The volume and weight of the compost was decreased.The total ash content and total organic matter of the SB compost were increased and decreased respectively during 3 months composting. Total C/N ratio was 21.63, 13.38 and 4.91 during first, second and third month respectively. The pH of the compost is alkaline after three months of compost studied vegetables was >100% after five days after germination

Corrigendum to “Synthesis of Kojic Ester Derivatives as Potential Antibacterial Agent”

In the article titled “Synthesis of Kojic Ester Derivatives as Potential Antibacterial Agent [1],” the sentences “Acetophenone (1.2 g, 0.1 mmol) was added to 4-carboxybenzaldehyde derivatives (0.15 g, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (50 mL). KOH (1.7 g, 0.3 mmol) in methanol was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h under nitrogen atmosphere” in Section 2.2 should be changed to “Acetophenone derivatives (1.2 g, 0.1 mmol) were added to 4-carboxybenzaldehyde (0.15 g, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (50 mL). KOH (1.7 g, 0.3 mmol) in methanol was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h under nitrogen atmosphere.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Studies of (E)-3-(4-Alkyloxyphenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one, (E)-3-(4-Alkyloxyphenyl)-1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one and their Analogues

A series of (E)-3-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (2a-c) and (E)-3-(4- alkyloxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (3a-c) have been synthesized via Claisen-Schmidt condensation. The compounds differ in the length of alkyl groups, CnH2n+1, where n= 10, 12 and 14. The structures of the synthesized compounds were defined by elemental analysis, IR, H and C NMR. 1 13 Antimicrobial studies were carried out against E. coli ATCC 8739 to evaluate the effect of the hydroxyl and alkyl groups of the synthesised chalcones. All the synthesized compounds have shown significant antimicrobial activities. Chalcones (2a-c) showed better antimicrobial activities compared to chalcones (3a-c) respectively, with (E)-3-(4-decyloxyphenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one showed the highest antimicrobial activity among the compounds tested

One-Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Thiourea Derivatives in Cyclotriphosphazenes Moieties

In this study, hexasubstituted thiourea was carried out via reaction of isothiocyanato cyclophosphazene intermediates with a series of aromatics amines and amino acids in a one-pot reaction system. The reaction was not as straightforward as typical thiourea synthesis. Six unexpected thiourea derivatives 3a-f were formed in the presence of cyclotriphosphazene moieties in good yields (53-82%). The structures of 3a-f were characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopies. The occurrence of reverse thioureas formation in a one-pot reaction system is discussed. The possible binding interaction of the synthesised thiourea 3a-b in comparison to the predicted phenyl thiourea 5a-b and the targeted 4a with enzyme enoyl ACP reductase (FabI) is also discussed. Molecular docking of the targeted hexasubstituted thiourea 4a is able to give higher binding affinity of -7.5 kcal/mol compared to 5a-b (-5.9 kcal/mol and -6.3 kcal/mol) and thiourea 3a-b (-4.5 kcal/mol and -4.7 Kcal/mol). © 2017 Zainab Ngaini et al

Novel Synthetic Monothiourea Aspirin Derivatives Bearing Alkylated Amines as Potential Antimicrobial Agents

A new series of aspirin bearing alkylated amines moieties 1–12 were synthesised by reacting isothiocyanate with a series of aniline derivatives in overall yield of 16–56%. The proposed structures of all the synthesised compounds were confirmed using elemental analysis, FTIR, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. All compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activities against E. coli and S. aureus via turbidimetric kinetic and Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Compound 5 bearing meta -CH3 substituent showed the highest relative inhibition zone diameter against tested bacteria compared to ortho and para substituent. Furthermore, aspirin derivatives bearing shorter chains exhibited better bacterial inhibition than longer alkyl chains

Bioelectricity Generation of Coconut Waste -based Double Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell with Various Substrate Compositions

The aim of this study was to investigate the generation of electricity in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) using coconut waste as substrate with various compositions. Different types of substrate with different pH values were tested in dual-chamber MFC. The maximum voltage level reached 699mV under alkaline condition after day 7th, which was considerably higher than those previously reported in literature using solid waste substrates. The series connection of the coconut waste MFC with boost converter module showed the ability to light up the bulb. Our results showed that implementation of local organic waste was promising in fabricating MFC for home appliances

Methyl-2-formyl benzoate : A Review of Synthesis and Applications

Methyl-2-formyl benzoate is known as a bioactive precursor in organic synthesis of compounds due to its variety of pharmacological activities namely antifungal, antihypertensive anticancer, antiulcer, antipsychotic and antiviral properties. As an active scaffold, methyl-2-formyl benzoate can be considered as a significant structure and an excellent precursor for the search of new bioactive molecules. Methyl-2-formyl benzoate is synthetically a versatile substrate, which can be used as a raw material for the preparation of medical products. Due to its significant in organic synthesis, the objective of this review is to discuss on the various synthetic routes for the preparation of methyl2-formyl benzoate (via two-step and one-step methodologies) and its importance as precursor for the preparation of compounds with pharmaceutical applications. This review is of importance in synthetic fields and pharmaceutical industry