Psychoanalytic Approach to Child Development

THE COURSE OF LIFE VOL III MIDDLE AND LATE CHILDHOOD Editors: Stanley I. Greenspan, M.D. and George H. Pollock, M.D., Ph.D., International Universities Press, Inc. 1991, revised edition 562 pages $65.0

A New Approach to Riparian Area Education in Arizona

Riparian areas are called “ribbons of life” since they are considered the most productive habitats in North America (Johnson et al. 1977; Chaney et al. 1990). In the arid western United States, riparian areas comprise less than 2% of the total land (Ffolliott et al. 2004). Despite their small area, Patten (1998) says that the role of riparian areas is disproportionate to their size, particularly in the semi-arid regions of North America. This is mainly due to the many functions and values of riparian areas. These functions and values are due to greater water availability relative to the adjacent terrestrial uplands, that adds greater vegetative and wildlife diversity. Riparian areas contribute to the improvement of water quality, particularly by reducing nonpoint source pollutants, and to increasing water quantity. Seventy percent of the threatened and endangered vertebrates in Arizona depend on riparian habitat (Johnson 1989). Domestic livestock are also attracted to riparian areas (Roath and Krueger 1982) for the same reasons that wildlife prefer riparian areas, high forage availability and abundance (Pinchak et al. 1991) and water availability (Ames 1977). Finally, riparian areas also have significant aesthetic values and are considered prime areas for recreational activities. The objective of this outreach program is to increase the awareness and knowledge of the public in Arizona about the importance of riparian areas, the processes that take place in riparian areas, and the human alteration these areas have endured. Three main activities were part of this project to meet the objective: 1) conduct educational workshops across the state, 2) develop an Arizona specific publication, and 3) develop a web-based educational module. The intended audience for this outreach program is the general public that includes farmers, ranchers, public and private land managers, watershed partnerships, recreationists, other riparian area users and interested public citizens

A Case Study of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Some Diagnostic Considerations

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) was considered a rare disorder prior to 1984 when the initial results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey demonstrated a substantial prevalence of the disorder (1). Thus there may be many patients today who entered treatment prior to 1984 with undiagnosed OCD. This paper gives the history of one such patient and reviews the current literature on OCD as it pertains to the diagnostic evidence in this case

Development of a Prototype System of Torrent Management for the Suppression of Forest Fires

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Involving Citizens in Watershed Management: the Arizona Master Steward Watershed Program

Arizona faces many complicated water resource issues including: groundwater overdraft; nonpoint source pollution; population growth; and water use conflicts. The Arizona Master Watershed Steward (MWS) Program is designed to prepare, educate and train volunteers who can provide knowledge, leadership, and service in the protection and monitoring of local watersheds. The first MWS training course was presented in Prescott, Arizona in fall of 2001, and expanded in 2002 and 2003. The training course has 10 four-hour sessions and two daylong field trips. Topics covered are: hydrology; climate; geologic processes; ecology; human impacts; water quality; land uses; geospatial tools; water law, and water resources management. Principles are taught using lecture/discussion format with hands-on activities that reinforce subject matter. Instructors typically include: Extension specialists, agents, and staff; agency professionals, and other authorities. MWS trainees become certified after contributing 40 hours of volunteer service. In 2003, Arizona MWS received $350,000 from the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality to develop a statewide curriculum guide and establish a statewide Arizona MWS program. A statewide MWS Coordinator was hired and the curriculum guide was published in August 2005. As of 2005-06, MWS courses have been offered in Benson, Cottonwood, Phoenix, Prescott, Safford, Flagstaff, Tucson, Bullhead City, and Sierra Vista. A total of 202 volunteers have completed the course and contributed 2,500 hours of volunteer service. Volunteer projects have included: organization of local water conferences and watershed groups, water quality monitoring, noxious weed management, rangeland monitoring, well water testing, and restoration projects

Integrated Life Cycle Framework for Evaluating the Sustainability of Emerging Drop-In Replacement Biofuels

Mounting concerns over energy independence and security, oil supply volatility and price, and anthropogenic-derived climate destabilization are driving the strategic development of low-carbon biofuels. Recently, second generation biofuels—fuels derived from non-food biofeedstocks including: perennial grasses, short rotation woody crops (SRWCs), and microalgae have gained significant interest from scientific and political actors due to their potential for reduced life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to baseline petroleum fuels, and fungibility with existing transportation infrastructure and vehicles fleets. However, the environmental sustainability of these second generation biofuels and their capacity to meet U.S. regulatory biofuel mandates remains uncertain, and a point of scientific inquiry. This work investigates the sustainability of emerging second-generation drop-in replacement hydrocarbon biofuels, utilizing sustainability metrics and methodologies derived from multiple disciplines including life cycle assessment, industrial ecology, statistics, thermodynamics, and process modeling. This novel interdisciplinary life cycle framework is applied to study the environmental sustainability of several distinct emerging drop-in replacement biofuel platforms including: (1) cultivation of microalgae in open raceways ponds and hydro-processing of algal-oil to renewable diesel, (2) fast pyrolysis of perennial grasses and hydro-upgrading of bio-oil to green gasoline, and (3) multistage torrefaction of SRWCs and catalytic upgrading to hydrocarbon biofuels. Traditional process-based Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and hybrid Ecologically-based Life Cycle Assessment (EcoLCA) models are developed to assess the degradation of ecological good and services, environmental impacts, and resource intensity of producing drop-in replacement biofuels. Rigorous process modeling and statistical analysis is performed to quantify key sustainability metrics including energy return on investment and life cycle GHG emissions for producing hydrocarbon biofuels under different combinations of biofeedstocks, fuel upgrading pathways, and coproduct scenarios, and to determine if renewable fuel(s) meet compliance with life cycle GHG emissions reductions thresholds set by U.S. federal regulatory programs. This interdisciplinary approach captures broader environmental externalities and unintended consequences of biofuel production that are outside the purview of traditional process design, and allows for holistic understanding of the potential tradeoffs, challenges, and broad-based impacts of emerging biofuels prior to their widespread commercialization—information that is pivotal for guiding the sustainable development of the nascent biofuels industry