25 research outputs found
Study on the effect of neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss) leaf extract on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and production of aflatoxin by it at different incubation times
Compensation for dystrophin-deficiency: ADAM12 overexpression in skeletal muscle results in increased alpha 7 integrin, utrophin and associated glycoproteins.
Mouse models for genetic diseases are among the most powerful tools available for developing and testing new treatment strategies. ADAM12 is a disintegrin and metalloprotease, previously demonstrated to significantly alleviate the pathology of mdx mice, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in humans. More specifically ADAM12 appeared to prevent muscle cell necrosis in the mdx mice as evidenced by morphological analysis and by the reduced levels of serum creatine kinase. In the present study we demonstrated that ADAM12 may compensate for the dystrophin deficiency in mdx mice by increasing the expression and redistribution of several components of the muscle cell-adhesion complexes. First, we analyzed transgenic mice that overexpress ADAM12 and found mild myopathic changes and accelerated regeneration following acute injury. We then analyzed changes in gene-expression profiles in mdx/ADAM12 transgenic mice compared with their littermate controls and found only a few genes with an expression change greater than 2-fold between mdx/ADAM12 and mdx. The small changes in gene expression were unexpected, considering the marked improvement of the mdx pathology when ADAM12 is overexpressed, and suggested that significant changes in mdx/ADAM12 muscle might occur post-transcriptionally. Indeed, by immunostaining and immunoblotting we found an approximately 2-fold increase in expression, and distinct extrasynaptic localization, of alpha 7B integrin and utrophin, the functional homolog of dystrophin. The expression of the dystrophin-associated glycoproteins was also increased. In conclusion, these results demonstrate a novel way to alleviate dystrophin deficiency in mice, and may stimulate the development of new approaches to compensate for dystrophin deficiency in animals and humans
A common founder mutation in FKRP causes limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 21 (LGMD21) in both Hutterite and European populations
Compensation for dystrophin-deficiency: ADAM12 overexpression in skeletal muscle results in increased alfa7 integrin, utrophin, and associated glycoproteins.
The most common mutation in FKRP causing limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 21 (LGMD2I) may have occurred only once and is present in Hutterites and other populations
THE REVOLUTION IN CORPORATE RISK MANAGEMENT: A DECADE OF INNOVATIONS IN PROCESS AND PRODUCTS
The explosion of corporate risk management programs in the early 1990s was a hasty and ill-conceived reaction by U.S. corporations to the great "derivatives disasters" of that period. Anxious to avoid the fate of Barings and Procter & Gamble, most top executives were more concerned about crisis management than risk management. Many companies quickly installed (often outrageously priced) value-at-risk (VaR) systems without paying much attention to how such systems fit their specific business requirements. Focused myopically on loss avoidance and technical risk measurement issues, the corporate risk management revolution of the '90s thus got underway in a disorganized, "ad hoc" fashion, producing a curious amalgam of policies and procedures with no clear link to the corporate mission of maximizing value. 2002 Morgan Stanley.