Performance of solar roof top panels with disparate particulate accumulation: Exergy analysis on an indoor lab study.

Deployment of solar photovoltaic panels are significantly rising to tackle adverse effects of climate change however, factors affecting output need to be categorized in addition to latitude angle and space. It is important to consider the atmospheric impact which can drastically change output power of solar panels. This study covers dust accumulation of soil, sand and ash at variable weights to foresee its effects on panel power output. Mixtures of these particles at multiple constituents were also analyzed. Experimental results indicated that clean panel gives maximum power output of 21.37W and exergy efficiency of 7.96% whereas ash accumulation showed worst results of 2.88W power output and 1.07% exergy efficiency at 700W/m2 and 50g dust accumulation. Other parameters like energy destruction, exergy losses and sustainability index were also analyzed. Trends have been illustrated in graphs along with the change in solar intensity and dust accumulations

Identification of the Optimal Operating Parameters of Locally Available Coal for Use in Pakistani Industries

A parametric study intended to determine optimum burning parameters of locally available coal from mines in Darra Adam Khel is being reported. The coal samples were tested in a cyclone combustor using the pulverized coal combustion technique. Effect of mesh size, primary and secondary air velocity at various air fuel ratios was investigated to quantify the combustion performance by measuring the furnace temperature. Mesh size 200 was found to be readily combustible within the operating ranges, while tight control of the operating parameters was required to combust coal at mesh size 150. Optimum ranges of primary air and Air-Fuel Ratio are suggested for effective combustion. The study will help in effective utilization of indigenous coal reserves of Pakistan

Energy, exergy, exergo-economic, enviro-economic, exergo-environmental, exergo-enviro-economic, sustainability and sensitivity (6E,2S) analysis on single slope solar still—An experimental study

Tackling water scarcity is a significant challenge due to the rapid increase in the global population, which is raising concern for the supply of fresh water. high demand of fresh water leading to a failure in meeting the demand for fresh water. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of an efficient single-slope solar still with an aluminum-finned plate absorber and internal and external reflectors to address water scarcity. Energy, exergy, economic and environmental analyses (6E) were undertaken to deeply analyze its impact on the environment. The maximum energy and exergy efficiency achieved was 60.19% and 21.57%, respectively, at a 2cm depth. The use of both external and internal reflectors assisted in the highest productivity of 7.02 liters. The cost of 0.033$/liter was obtained for a lifetime of 10 years for the optimal system. The payback time in terms of energy and exergy for the optimal system is 0.88 and 2.23 years, respectively. Furthermore, sustainability and sensitivity (2S) analysis were also performed to assess the system’s current and future feasibility. The total price for carbon dioxide mitigation during the solar still lifetime was$346.7, which represents the cost saving achieved with the installation of the optimal system

Experimental and statistical study for leaching of niobium pentoxide from Pakistani ore

The growing demand for niobium pentoxide, based on its use in separation processes, established its prominent significance as a leading candidate in the field of separation science and technology. This study reports the extraction of niobium pentoxide from pyrochlore ore occurring in Sillai Patai, KPK, Pakistan. It is difficult to recover niobium pentoxide from Pakistani ore due to its low concentration. Niobium pentoxide is an important material used in manufacturing industries for different purposes. Most of the commercially employed extraction processes are associated with serious environmental impacts and are not efficient in extracting niobium pentoxide from low concentration pyrochlore. Alkali potash has been used for separation and purification of niobium pentoxide because it is efficient and an environmentally friendly process. The leaching of niobium pentoxide is carried out in a batch reactor using alkali potash as a leachant. Various process parameters, including ore particle size, reaction temperature, reaction time and alkali to ore mass ratio, were examined statistically during the leaching process. It was observed that reaction temperature and ore particle size were more significant compared to other parameters. The maximum percent recovery of niobium pentoxide (95%) was obtained at 280°C in 90 min, while keeping the ore particle size 44 μm and alkali to ore mass ratio of 7:1

Hybrid Constrained Evolutionary Algorithm For Numerical Optimization Problems

Constrained optimization are naturally arises in many real-life applications, and is therefore gaining a constantly growing attention of the researchers. Evolutionary algorithms are not directly applied on constrained optimization problems. However, different constraint-handling techniques are incorporated in their framework to adopt it for dealing with constrained environments. This paper suggests an hybrid constrained evolutionary algorithm (HCEA) that employs two penalty functions simultaneously. The suggested HCEA has two versions namely HCEA-static and HCEA-adaptive. The performance of the HCEA-static and HCEA-adaptive algorithms are examined upon the constrained benchmark functions that are recently designed for the special session of the 2006 IEEE Conference of Evolutionary Computation (IEEE-CEC'06). The experimental results of the suggested algorithms are much promising as compared to one of the recent constrained version of the JADE. The converging behaviour of the both suggested algorithms on each benchmark function is encouraging and promising in most cases.WoSScopu