Actual Preoperative Fasting Time; A Report From Guilan Academic Hospitals: A Cross-sectional Study

Objectives: Traditional guidelines for preoperative fasting (POF) time lead to several complications in surgery patients. However, not enough attention has been paid to the issue. This aimed of this study was to investigate the management of fasting times in Guilan academic hospitals. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, individuals from five academic referral centers enrolled the survey and questionnaires including demographic characteristics, fasting hours for liquids and solids, POF recommenders, and patient’s knowledge regarding the definition of clear liquids were completed. Results: A total of 390 individuals candidate for elective surgeries enrolled in the study, the mean age of our cases were 46.61 years. The average POF time for solids and liquids was 11.43 and 9.70 hours, respectively. 95.38% of the participants did not know a correct definition of clear liquids, which was not related to their level of education (P=0.314). A positive association was observed between age and POF times for liquids and American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification for both solids (P=0.010) and liquids (P=0.0001). Conclusions: It was found that the real POF time in our hospitals was significantly longer than the modern guidelines, and needs to be corrected

Anxiety-depressive disorders among irritable bowel syndrome patients in Guilan, Iran

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric disorders are common in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in IBS patients varies in different cultures. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 256 IBS patients were selected (using the criteria of Rome III) and evaluated for psychiatric disorders. In the first phase, subjects were screened using the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ28). In the second phase, those who had scores ≥ 23 were assessed through semi-structured psychiatric interviews. RESULTS: Thirty out of 256 subjects had no significant psychiatric symptoms after performing GHQ28. In further psychiatric evaluation of the remaining subjects (226) who suffered from some degree of a psychiatric problem, 36 were diagnosed without Anxiety/Depressive disorder. Thus 66 subjects (25.8%) were known as a group without any significant psychiatric problem. A total of 190 subjects (74.2%) with anxiety-depressive problems were diagnosed; 89 were suffering from pure anxiety disorders, 41 were suffering from depressive disorders and 60 had co-morbid anxiety-depressive disorders. When comparing anxiety-depressive patients (n = 190) with normal subjects (n = 66), gender (P = 0.016), occupation (P = 0.002) and intensity of IBS (P < 0.001) showed statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of anxiety-depressive disorders in this study indicates the necessity of psychiatric assessment, early diagnosis and treatment of the patients with IBS. It may improve management of the patients suffering from IBS.Peer reviewe

The effects of video podcast on learning among midwifery students: A randomized controlled trial

Background:Although some studies examined the challenges of using podcasts, there is limited information about the effects of video podcasting on learning outcomes. Objectives:The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of video podcasting and lecture on learning among midwifery students and to assess their satisfaction with podcasting. Methods: This was a randomized controlled crossover trial. Five-semester baccalaureate midwifery students of a class were randomized into two seventeen-person groups to receive education about gynecological diseases in two sessions. In the first session, students in Group A received educational materials through lecture, while their counterparts in Group B received the same materials through video podcasting. In the second session, held 1 week after the first session, students in Group A received educational materials through video podcasting, while their counterparts in Group B received the same materials through lecture. Students' learning and satisfaction were measured via multiple choice questions and a satisfaction questionnaire, respectively. The paired- and the independent-sample t-tests were used for within- and between-group comparisons, respectively.Results: Both lecture and video podcasting significantly increased the mean score of students' knowledge. However, between-group difference respecting the posttest mean score of knowledge was not statistically significant (15.3 ± 2.3 vs. 14.5 ± 2.7; P = 0.35). Students were satisfied with video podcasting though they believed that it cannot completely replace traditional lecture. Conclusion:Video podcasting has the same effects as lecture on learning outcomes among midwifery students. It can be used as a complement to lecture

The effect of the simulated intrauterine sound on behavioral and physiological indices of pain during capillary blood sampling for screening preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial study

Abstract Introduction Due to medical procedures, preterm infants are at high risk for side effects of pain. In this regard, heel lancing for capillary blood sampling is a common painful procedure. The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a simulated intrauterine sound on behavioral and physiological indices of pain due to heel-prick blood sampling in preterm infants. Methods A double‑blind randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted. The data were collected from September 23 to December 22, 2019. We measured the effect of a simulated intrauterine sound on changes in the behavioral and physiological parameters of pain (heart rate, SPO2) caused by heel lance that was measured 5 min before the intervention, during the sampling, and 5 min after the procedure. We measured behavioral pain by video recording the infants’ faces and then the scoring neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS). Heart rate and SPO2 were measured using a pulse oximeter device. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t‑test in SPSS software version 20.0. Results Eighty infants were randomized (40 in each group). Mean scores NIPS during and after intervention were in the intervention group (3.55 ± 0.84, 95% CI: 3.30–3.80(, and (1.15 ± 0.84, 95%: 0.95–1.35) and in the control group (5.57 ± 0.95, 95% CI:5.30–5.85) and (3.00 ± 0.98) respectively. There were significant differences in scores of NIPS between the two study groups during (p < 0.001) and five min after heel lancing (p < 0.001). Mean scores of heart rate in the three phases of before, during, and five min after the intervention were respectively in the intervention group (127.57 ± 4.45, 95% CI:126.27-128.99), (131.07 ± 6.54, 95% CI:129.20-133.22), (128.45 ± 5.15, 95% CI:127.02-130.07) and in the control group (128.67 ± 4.57, 95% CI:127.32-130.07), (136.07 ± 7.24, 95% CI:133.90-138.37), and (132.42 ± 6.47, 95% CI:130.37-134.49). There were significant differences in heart rate between the intervention and the control group during (p = 0.002) and five min after the heel lance (p = 0.003). Mean scores of SPO2 in the three phases of baseline, during, and five min after the intervention were respectively in the intervention group (96.72 ± 0.93, 95% CI:96.42-97.00), (91.47 ± 1.46, 95% CI:91.05–91.92), (94.17 ± 1.03, 95% CI:93.22-94.00) and in the control group (96.6 ± 0.84, 95% CI:96.35–96.85), (91.5 ± 1.24, 95% CI:91.12–91.87), and (93.60 ± 1.27, 95% CI:93.85–94.50). Conclusion This study showed that the simulated intrauterine sound reduces the behavioral pain and heart rate in the intervention group during and after heel lance. These results suggest using the method during the painful heel lancing to reduce pain parameters in preterm infants