Perforated Gastric Diverticulum in a Preterm Newborn: A Case Report

Gastric diverticulum in newborn infants is the rarest (0.04%) of gastrointestinal diverticula. Most of them especially in this age group are asymptomatic or cannot be diagnosed based on examinations and symptoms. However, if it becomes symptomatic, the symptoms can range from vague abdominal pain to bleeding, perforation or torsion. The present case report discusses a preterm newborn with a perforated gastric diverticulum. &nbsp

A Review on Serum Level of Vitamin D in Atopic March

Recent studies have reported a relationship between vitamin D and atopic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, which is due to the recently discovered vitamin D receptors on many immune system cells. Among all atopic diseases, asthma has been studied the most in this regard. However, the role of vitamin D in other atopic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis is a matter of controversy. In this paper, we review the literature on the association between atopic diseases and vitamin D level with a focus on the childhood period. As of today, the role of vitamin D in atopic march is not clear and studies show controversial results. Therefore, further studies with adequate sample sizes and correction for perplexing factors are needed since this could be an innovative treatment in atopic children. It is also advisable to examine high-risk groups of children for vitamin D deficiency. According to the extracted data, vitamin D has a protecting effect against atopic diseases. At the same time, no evidence was found for such an association in some studies, thus, further studies are needed to clarify this issue

Interest-based Language Teaching: Enhancing Students’ Interest and Achievement in L2 Reading

This study reports the findings of the research conducted on the effects of Interest-Based Language Teaching (IBLT) on Persian students’ interest in L2 learning, and their achievement in reading comprehension. With the aim of improving L2 learning in the university level, the study investigated whether selecting instructional materials based on learners’ interest areas could impact their interest in language learning. Furthermore, it examined whether selecting instructional materials based on interest would have any influence on learners’ performance in L2 reading. It also examined any significant differences between the learners with high and low L2 reading levels in terms of interest. The participants were sixty first-year nursing students in a nursing college. Both questionnaires and tests were employed to collect the data. The collected data were closely examined and analyzed using independent-samples t-test. The results revealed that (1) personalizing the materials could make a significant contribution to the development and enhancement of students' interest level in L2 learning; (2) selecting the instructional materials based on learners’ interest areas could improve their performance in L2 reading comprehension; and (3) in using IBLT, there was no significant difference between learners with different levels of reading proficiency in learning the course materials

Prevalence and Correlates of Psychiatric Disorders in a National Survey of Iranian Children and Adolescents

Objective: Considering the impact of rapid sociocultural, political, and economical changes on societies and families, population-based surveys of mental disorders in different communities are needed to describe the magnitude of mental health problems and their disabling effects at the individual, familial, and societal levels. Method: A population-based cross sectional survey (IRCAP project) of 30 532 children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years was conducted in all provinces of Iran using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by 250 clinical psychologists trained to use the validated Persian version of the semi-structured diagnostic interview Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-PL (K-SADS-PL). Results: In this national epidemiological survey, 6209 out of 30 532 (22.31%) were diagnosed with at least one psychiatric disorder. The anxiety disorders (14.13%) and behavioral disorders (8.3%) had the highest prevalence, while eating disorders (0.13%) and psychotic symptoms (0.26%) had the lowest. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was significantly lower in girls (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.80-0.90), in those living in the rural area (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.73-0.87), in those aged 15-18 years (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86-0.99), as well as that was significantly higher in those who had a parent suffering from mental disorders (OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.63-2.36 for mother and OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.07-1.66 for father) or physical illness (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.17-1.35 for mother and OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.10-1.28 for father). Conclusion: About one fifth of Iranian children and adolescents suffer from at least one psychiatric disorder. Therefore, we should give a greater priority to promoting mental health and public health, provide more accessible services and trainings, and reduce barriers to accessing existing services

Exploring the Impact of Social Media Facebook Platform on Students’ Motivation and Lexical Competence.

The purpose of the study is to determine whether social media platforms such as Facebook have any impact on how well students develop their vocabulary and improve motivation. The group has been assigned to the experimental group in order to monitor the development of lexical competence and motivation as they receive treatment. This group was created on Facebook by the researcher to implement the experiment to the EG by uploading educational videos and audio, drills, and other educational materials. Students in the control group, on the other hand, receive language instruction in a conventional manner. The use of a questionnaire and a pretest-posttest design is part of a mixed-methods approach. The researchers discovered statistically significant differences in vocabulary development and motivational stimulus between the experimental group and the control group after implementing the intervention. This indicates that compared to students who received the traditional method of instruction, those who received the treatment had better vocabulary development and were more motivated. It can be concluded that using Facebook in educational settings can be advantageous and useful as a tool for teaching and learning languages

Political Terms by APLL: Issues of Terminology Implantation and ‎Acceptability

The present study investigates the implantation of political science terminology approved by the Academy of Persian Language and Literature (APLL) in the Hamshahri corpus made up of news text from Hamshahri newspaper and their acceptability among MA students of English translation studies (ETS), English literature (EL), and Political science (PS). To conduct this research the frequencies of the political terms approved by the APLL with their competing terms were compiled from the corpus. For analyzing another group of terms without competing terms, 90 MA students were purposively selected from the abovementioned majors. Accordingly, a 60-item 5-point Likert Scale questionnaire (including 60 political terms) along with an open-ended question were administered. The implantation coefficients (IC) of the first group of the terms with competing terms indicate that the factors such as conciseness and derivative capabilities result in higher IC. The descriptive results indicated that around two third of the ETS and EL students agree with the APLL-approved political science terms, while less than half of the PS students accept these neologisms. Moreover, the Chi-Square test (value of 92.000, p= 0.000 < 0.05) revealed that there is a correlation between the level of agreement and the major. In addition, Cramer’s V test result with the value of 0.092 indicated a weak correlation between the academic major and the attitude. Finally, analysis of the open-ended question showed that conciseness, transparency, morphological well-formedness, and familiarity with neologisms were the main reasons for agreeing or disagreeing with them

La traducción audiovisual como instrumento para contrarrestar la hegemonía cultural: un estudio de caso de dibujos animados doblados (inglés-persa)

The investigation of ideology in audiovisual translation (AVT) has recently attracted a lot of attention from researchers in the field. The present study aimed to shed light on the impact of ideology on audiovisual translation with regard to Persian dubbing of three Hollywood animations. First, the concept of ideology and hegemony within Hollywood products were discussed. Then, the translations of culture-specific items (CSIs) and taboos were analytically examined and finally discussed according to Venuti’s (2008) theory. The results indicated that translators tried to produce highly domesticated versions of the originals. The findings showed that the status of cultures, minor or dominant, could play a key role in translators’ decisions. When translators translate from a dominant to a minor culture, some form of resistance may be born. The target community cultural institutions tend to use translation as their last cultural fortress.En los últimos años, el estudio del concepto de “ideología” en la traducción audiovisual ha captado la atención de los investigadores en el ámbito de la traducción. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo examinar el impacto de la ideología en la traducción audiovisual de tres películas de animación de Hollywood. En primer lugar, se ha abordado el concepto de ideología y hegemonía en las producciones de Hollywood. En segundo, ha sido evaluada minuciosamente la traducción de elementos culturales, así como los tabúes; finalmente los casos mencionados se han examinado desde la perspectiva de la teoría de Venuti (2008). Los resultados, en síntesis, indican que los traductores hacen todo lo posible para adaptar las películas originales y lograr una versión localizada de las mismas. Asimismo, sugieren que ocupar una posición cultural “subordinada” y “minoritaria” o bien una “hegemónica” desempeña un papel clave en las decisiones de los traductores. Es decir, cuando se está traduciendo de una cultura dominante a una minoritaria, se forma una especie de resistencia, que conlleva que las instituciones culturales de la sociedad de destino utilicen la traducción como su último bastión cultural

Sexual dysfunction in infertile women

Background: Sexual problems have different effects on the life of people by influencing their interpersonal and marital relationships and satisfaction. Relationship between sexual dysfunctions and infertility can be mutual. Sexual dysfunction may cause difficulty conceiving but also attempts to conceive, may cause sexual dysfunction. Objective: This paper compares sexual dysfunction in fertile and infertile women. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 110 infertile couples referring to Montasarieh Infertility Clinic and 110 fertile couples referring to five healthcare centers in Mashhad were selected by class cluster sampling method. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaire and Glombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction. Data were analyzed through descriptive and analytical statistical methods by SPSS. Results: There was no significant difference in total score of sexual problems and other dimensions of sexual problems (except infrequency) in fertile 28.9 (15.5) and infertile 29.0 (15.4) women. Fertile women had more infrequency than infertile women (p=0.002). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between fertile and infertile women in terms of sexual problems. Paying attention to sexual aspects of infertility and presence of programs for training of sexual skills seem

Early vs. delayed oral feeding after colorectal surgeries, a clinical trial

Background: The start of oral nutrition after colorectal surgery has always been an issue of debate. There is a long-standing practice of beginning oral feeding 4-5 days after surgery. However, in recent years a number of surgeons have questioned this method and in fact, have begun ordering immediate oral nutrition for their postoperative patients. The current article presents the findings of a clinical trial study, which compared the early and delayed start of oral feeding after colorectal surgery. Materials and Methods: The present clinical trial recruited 52 patients undergoing colorectal anastomosis and divided these subjects into two groups. In the control group, oral feeding started 4-5 days after the operation. In contrast, the study group commenced oral nutrition soon after surgery.&nbsp; The outcomes for both groups were measured in terms of demographic data, anastomotic leakage rate, nausea and vomiting, the start of bowel movements, and complications. Results:&nbsp; The two patient groups did not differ in their rates of ileus and diet intolerance (p=1). As for the factors of nausea and vomiting, there were no observed statistically significant differences between the study and control groups (p=0.1). The most critical outcome of the early and late start feeding groups was anastomotic leakage, for which there was no significant difference to report. The length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the early feeding study group (3.56 days) than in the delayed feeding control group (7.36 days) (p&lt;0.001). Defecation among patients receiving early oral nutrition was 2.8 days on the average, but 4.91 days among the control group patients, a statistically important difference (p&lt;0.004). Conclusion: While the early start of oral nutrition after colorectal surgery resection and anastomosis does not raise postoperative risks and mortality; it does reduce postoperative complications, the length of hospital stay, and final health care costs. As a result, early feeding after surgery can be considered as a viable alternative to delayed feeding. &nbsp; &nbsp