Revealing the Cytotoxic Potential of Medicinal Folklore: Bombax Ceiba L.

Current study was intended to investigate the cytotoxic potential of Bombax ceiba L.by executing a wide range of in vitro assays. Brine shrimp lethality assay showed that stem wood’s chloroform (CH) extract was highly toxic (LC50 42.41 ± 3.40 µg/ml) followed by acetone : ethyl acetate (AC:EA) extract with LC50 value of 72.92 ± 4.41 µg/ml. n-Hexane (NH) extract of root wood part caused 70.95 ± 1.77% inhibition of THP-1 cell line at 20 μg/ml concentration (IC50 15 ± 0.56 µg/ml). NH and CH extracts of stem wood part showed promising results in protein kinase inhibitory assay with 21 ± 1.2 and 29 ± 1 mm bald ZOI (MIC= 50 µg/disc) respectively. The present findings revealed that CH and NH extracts of stem wood as well as root wood part as an enriched source of phytochemicals possessing cytotoxic potential

Revealing the Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Potential of a Medicinal Folklore: Bombax Ceiba L.

Current study intends to investigate the extraction yield, phytochemical analysis and antioxidant potential of selected plant by executing a wide range of in vitro assays. This was done to suggest the most proficient solvent system and plant part for isolation and purification of probable bioactive leads. The colorimetric estimation of total phenolic, flavonoid contents, total antioxidant capacity, total reducing power and free radical scavenging activity was done. The specific polyphenols were quantified by RP-HPLC analysis. The present findings proved acetone and methanol (AC:M) extract of root bark part as an enriched source of antioxidant phytochemicals. The highest amount of rutin was detected in methanol (M) extract of root bark i.e. 0.70 μg/mg DW followed by methanol (M) extract (0.52 μg/mg DW) of leaf. Bombax ceiba L. was found to be a reservoir of phytochemicals possessing antioxidant potential

Divulging the Antimicrobial and Antidiabetic Potential of Bombax ceiba L.

Current study is intended to investigate the antimicrobial and antidiabetic potential of Bombax ceiba L. Antileishmanial potential was assessed via MTT colorimetric method while antifungal activities were found out through disc diffusion method. The antidiabetic potential was investigated by α-amylase inhibition assay. Considerable antifungal activity (in the range of 10-12 mm ZOI) was demonstrated by CH: M extracts of both flower and stem bark, and CH extract of root bark against A. niger Whereas M: EA, AC extracts of leaf, EA extract of stem bark, NH, CH:E, M:EA extracts of root bark and NH extract of root wood exhibited the antifungal potential (ZOI from 10-12 mm) against F. solani. The most potent α-amylase inhibitory activity was shown by EA extract of leaf part with 66.69 ± 0.95% inhibition (IC50 190 ± 4.5 µg/ml). Selected plant is a potential source of antileishmanial, antifungal and antidiabetic agents. This information can be further utilized for the purpose of bioactivity guided isolation of biologically active principles of B. ceiba L

Ipomoea batatas L. Lam. ameliorates acute and chronic inflammations by suppressing inflammatory mediators, a comprehensive exploration using in vitro and in vivo models

Abstract Background Ipomoea batatas L. Lam. is a functional food and belongs to family Convolvulaceae. It is used as an antiinflammatory, aphrodisiac, antiasthmatic, anticonvalescent, antitumor, antanemic and antidiabetic agent by local communities. This study has been planned to evaluate its antiinflammatory and antiarthritic potentials. Methods Dry powder of I. batatas tuber and roots were extracted with ethyl acetate (IPT-EA, IPR-EA) and methanol (IPT-M, IPR-M), respectively. These extracts were tested for total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC), HPLC finger printing, multidimensional in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential and albumin denaturation inhibition. Carrageenan-induced paw edema, croton oil-induced ear and anal edema inhibition and Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-induced antiarthritic assays were executed at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight on Sprague-Dawley rats. Serum levels of interleukins IL-1β and IL-6 and nitric oxide (NO) were assessed to measure the inhibition of inflammation. Results Maximal TPC (319.81 ± 14.20 μg GAE/mg dry extract) and TFC (208.77 ± 9.09 μg QE/mg DE) were estimated in IPR-EA extract. IPT-EA and IPR-EA yielded the maximum amounts of rutin (7.3 ± 1.12 and 4.5 ± 0.55), caffeic acid (1.60 ± 0.25 and 2.17 ± 0.26) and myricetin (2.7 ± 0.14 and 1.01 ± 0.08 μg/mg DE), respectively in HPLC-DAD analysis. All extracts showed dose dependent response in in vitro antioxidant assays. Best inhibition (76.92 ± 3.07%) of albumin denaturation was shown by IPT-EA in comparison to ibuprofen (79.48 ± 4.71%). IPR-EA exhibited highest edema inhibition in models of carrageenan-induced paw edema (79.11 ± 5.47%) and croton oil-induced ear and anal edema (72.01 ± 7.80% and 70.80 ± 4.94%, respectively). Significant inhibition of CFA-induced arthritic edema and arthritic score were observed by IPR-EA as compared to ibuprofen. Suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) and NO levels was shown by IPR-EA and IPT-EA, respectively. Conclusion These results depict that richness of polyphenols and phytoconstituents in I. batatas ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation of acute and chronic nature. Dose dependent antioxidant potential and inhibition of inflammatory edema, pro-inflammatory cytokines and hematological, biochemical and histological changes prove I. batatas therapeutic potential as an antiinflammatory and antiarthritic agent. Graphical abstrac

Polarity based characterization of biologically active extracts of Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth. and RP-HPLC analysis

Abstract Background The concept of botanical therapeutics has revitalized due to wide importance of plant derived pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the ameliorative characteristics of Ajuga bracteosa were studied. Methods Total phenolic content, flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, reducing power and free-radical scavenging activity were determined colorimetrically. Specific polyphenols were quantified by RP-HPLC analysis. Preliminary cytotoxicity was tested using brine shrimp lethality assay while antiproliferative activity against THP-1 and Hep-G2 cell lines was determined by MTT and SRB protocols respectively. Antileishmanial potential was assessed via MTT colorimetric method. To investigate antidiabetic prospect, α-amylase inhibition assay was adopted whereas disc diffusion method was used to detect likely protein kinase inhibitory, antibacterial and antifungal activities. Results Among fifteen different extracts, maximum total phenolic content (10.75 ± 0.70 μg GAE/mg DW), total reducing power (23.90 ± 0.70 μg AAE/mg DW) and total antioxidant capacity (11.30 ± 0.80 μg AAE/mg DW) were exhibited by methanol extract with superlative percent extract recovery (17.50 ± 0.80% w/w). Chloroform-methanol extract demonstrated maximum flavonoid content (4.10 ± 0.40 μg QE/mg DW) and ethanol extract exhibited greatest radical scavenging activity (IC50 14.40 ± 0.20 μg/ml). RP-HPLC based quantification confirmed polyphenols such as pyrocatechol, gallic acid, resorcinol, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, coumarin, sinapinic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, rutin, quercetin and kaempferol. The brine shrimp lethality assay ranked 78.60% extracts as cytotoxic (LC50 ≤ 250 μg/ml) whereas significant THP-1 inhibition was shown by methanol-acetone extract (IC50 4.70 ± 0.43 μg/ml). The antiproliferative activity against Hep-G2 hepatoma cancer cell line was demonstrated by n-hexane, ethylacetate and methanol-distilled water (IC50 8.65–8.95 μg/ml) extracts. Methanol extract displayed prominent protein kinase inhibitory activity (MIC 12.5 μg/disc) while n-hexane extract revealed remarkable antileishmanial activity (IC50 4.69 ± 0.01 μg/ml). The antidiabetic potential was confirmed by n-hexane extract (44.70 ± 0.30% α-amylase inhibition at 200 μg/ml concentration) while a moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities were unveiled. Conclusion The variation in biological spectrum resulted due to use of multiple solvent systems for extraction. We also deduce that the valuable information gathered can be utilized for discovery of anticancer, antileishmanial, antioxidant and antidiabetic bioactive lead candidates

Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface investigation and comparative DFT studies of ethyl 2-[2-(2-nitrobenzylidene)hydrazinyl] thiazole-4-carboxylate

The ethyl 2-[2-(2-nitrobenzylidene)hydrazinyl]thiazole-4-carboxylate (1), a thiazole ester, was synthesized by refluxing 1-(2-nitrobenzylidene)thiosemicarbazide and ethyl bromopyruvate. The compound is characterized by spectrometric, spectroscopic and single crystal (SC-XRD) techniques. Non-covalent interactions that are responsible for crystal packing are explored by Hirshfeld surface analysis. All theoretical calculations were performed by DFT quantum chemical methods using 6-311G(d,p) and cc-pVTZ basis sets and compared. Theoretical harmonic frequencies of ethyl 2-[2-(2-nitrobenzylidene)hydrazinyl]thiazole-4-carboxylate (1) were optimized. Confirmation of hydrogen bonding sites was analyzed by molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and Mulliken population analysis. The vibrational frequencies of characteristic functional groups and chemical shifts were found in good agreement with experimental assignments. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) revealed relatively small HOMO-LUMO (highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) gape, which speaks off the nearly planar geometry and extended conjugation, as compared to the substituents with no conjugation possible. It has also been observed that -NO2 substituent plays a vital role for this relatively small HOMO-LUMO gape and overall electronic properties when compared with similar thiazole carboxylates (2-6, Table 6). Ethyl 2-[2-(2-nitrobenzylidene)hydrazinyl]thiazole-4-carboxylate (1) was also evaluated for its anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities

Polyphenolic profiling of <i>Ipomoea carnea</i> Jacq. by HPLC-DAD and its implications in oxidative stress and cancer

<p><i>Ipomoea carnea</i> Jacq<i>.</i> is an important folklore medicinal plant, assessed for its underexplored biological potential. Antioxidant, cytotoxic, antiproliferative and polyphenolic profile of whole plant was evaluated using various techniques. Maximum extract recovery (29% w/w), phenolic [13.54 ± 0.27 μg GAE/mg dry weight (DW)] and flavonoid (2.11 ± 0.10 μg QE /mg DW) content were recorded in methanol-distilled water (1:1) flower extract. HPLC-DAD analysis quantified substantial amount of six different polyphenols ranging from 0.081 to 37.95 μg/mg extract. Maximum total antioxidant and reducing potential were documented in methanol-distilled water and acetone-distilled water flower extracts (42.62 ± 0.47 and 24.38 ± 0.39 μg AAE/mg DW) respectively. Ethanol-chloroform root extract manifested highest free radical scavenging (IC₅₀ of 61.22 μg/mL) while 94.64% of the extracts showed cytotoxicity against brine shrimps. Ethanol leaf extract exhibited remarkable activity against THP-1 cell line (IC₅₀ = 8 ± 0.05 μg/mL) and protein kinases (31 mm phenotype bald zone).</p