Transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism by fatty acids: a key determinant of pancreatic β-cell function

BACKGROUND: Optimal pancreatic β-cell function is essential for the regulation of glucose homeostasis in both humans and animals and its impairment leads to the development of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is a polygenic disease aggravated by environmental factors such as low physical activity or a hypercaloric high-fat diet. RESULTS: Free fatty acids represent an important factor linking excess fat mass to type 2 diabetes. Several studies have shown that chronically elevated free fatty acids have a negative effect on β-cell function leading to elevated insulin secretion basally but with an impaired response to glucose. The transcription factors PPARα, PPARγ and SREBP-1c respond to changing fat concentrations in tissues, thereby coordinating the genomic response to altered metabolic conditions to promote either fat storage or catabolism. These transcription factors have been identified in β-cells and it appears that each may exert influence on β-cell function in health and disease. CONCLUSION: The role of the PPARs and SREBP-1c as potential mediators of lipotoxicity is an emerging area of interest

Expression of PPARα modifies fatty acid effects on insulin secretion in uncoupling protein-2 knockout mice

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: In uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) knockout (KO) mice, protection of beta cells from fatty acid exposure is dependent upon transcriptional events mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα). METHODS: PPARα expression was reduced in isolated islets from UCP2KO and wild-type (WT) mice with siRNA for PPARα (siPPARα) overnight. Some islets were also cultured with oleic or palmitic acid, then glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was measured. Expression of genes was examined by quantitative RT-PCR or immunoblotting. PPARα activation was assessed by oligonucleotide consensus sequence binding. RESULTS: siPPARα treatment reduced PPARα protein expression in KO and WT islets by >85%. In siPPARα-treated UCP2KO islets, PA but not OA treatment significantly decreased the insulin response to 16.5 mM glucose. In WT islets, siPPARα treatment did not modify GSIS in PA and OA exposed groups. In WT islets, PA treatment significantly increased UCP2 mRNA and protein expression. Both PA and OA treatment significantly increased PPARα expression in UCP2KO and WT islets but OA treatment augmented PPARα protein expression only in UCP2KO islets (p < 0.05). PA treatment induced carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, acyl CoA oxidase and malonyl CoA decarboxylase mRNA in UCP2KO islets. CONCLUSION: These data show that the negative effect of saturated fatty acid on GSIS is mediated by PPARα/UCP2. Knockout of UCP2 protects beta-cells from PA exposure. However, in the absence of both UCP2 and PPARα even a short exposure (24 h) to PA significantly impairs GSIS

Desain Aplikasi Mobile Panduan Sholat dan Doa untuk Anak Gangguan Pendengaran

Children with hearing loss are children who experience learning difficulties. They have limited vocabulary and language in communication that hampers the learning process. They need a special way of learning and are usually educated in special schools. Level 2 elementary students at SLB B Karnnamanohara have difficulty learning prayer and daily prayer. Almost all elementary level 2 students cannot pronounce daily prayers and prayers. They need interesting learning resources and according to their characteristics. This study aims to design multimedia mobile application of prayer and daily prayers guides for children with hearing loss. The research method consists of five stages: data collection, data analysis, storyboard making, prototype design, and prototype evaluation. This research has been designed to multimedia mobile applications of prayer and prayers guides for children hearing impairments according to the needs of users who have different characteristics with users in general. The results showed that the prototype design of the multimedia mobile application prayer and prayer daily guides for children with hearing loss had met the needs of users with evaluation values of 4.42 from a scale of 5

Cluster Analysis Integration Model with Survival Analysis for Late Payment of House Ownership Loan (Case Study: House Ownership Loan Bank X Customer)

This is the abstract, usually it does not have references. Usually the reader will read this part first to know what this paper is about and decide upon it to continue reading or not. The font of main text is 10 Times New Roman with single line spacing of 6 pt after and 0 pt before. The titles of sections are font 12, bold and they have single line spacing of 6pt before, 12 pt after, subsections are font 12, Italic and they have single line spacing of 6pt before, 12 pt after. Both upper line and lower line enclosing this part is paper-specific and changes according to the paper, usually it is very similar to the journal header background color, abstract contents are Times New Roman size 10, no line spacing

Pengaruh Penggunaan Minyak Goreng Berulang terhadap Perubahan Nilai Gizi dan Mutu Hedonik pada Ayam Goreng

Frying is one of the efforts to process chicken meat that are commonly used by the public. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of food safety which was noticed from the effects of repeated use of cooking oils to the changes in the nutrition and hedonic quality on fried chicken. The design of experiment for checking nutritional content was a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications, and if the treatments had effects then this experiment should be followed by a Duncan's multiple range test (MRT). The hedonic quality test was established with help from 25 slightly trained panelists. Applied treatments were the use of new cooking oil (T1), former frying oil-1 (T2), former frying oil-2 (T3), former frying oil-3 (T4), and former frying oil-4 (T5). The average values of observations on T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 for protein were 27.36, 25.95, 25.13, 23.06, and 19%; fat were 17.67, 18.22, 19, 19.24 and 19.12%; and water content were 20.22, 19.04, 16.17, 13.75, and 13.27%. The result showed that the repeated use of cooking oils could give real effect (P&lt;0.05) to protein, fat, and water content. Hedonic quality also had a noticeable effect (P&lt;0.05). The color of fried chicken was getting browner and its texture was crispier. The conclusion of this study was the repeated use of cooking oils was not right because it could lead to serious health problem

Approximately orthogonality preserving mappings on Hilbert C_{0}(Z)-modules

In this paper, we will use the categorical approach to Hilbert (C^{ast})-modules over a commutative (C^{ast})-algebra to investigate the approximately orthogonality preserving mappings on Hilbert (C^{ast})-modules over a commutative (C^{ast})-algebra. Indeed, we show that if (Psi:Gamma rightarrow Gamma^{prime} ) is a nonzero ( C_{0}(Z) )-linear (( delta , varepsilon))-orthogonality preserving mapping between the continuous fields of Hilbert spaces on a locally compact Hausdorff space (Z), then (Psi) is injective, continuous and also for every ( x, y in Gamma ) and (z in Z), [ vert langle Psi(x),Psi(y) rangle(z) - varphi^2(z) langle x,y rangle(z) vert leq frac{4(varepsilon - delta)}{(1-delta)(1+varepsilon)} Vert Psi(x) Vert Vert Psi(y) Vert, ] where (varphi(z) = sup { Vert Psi(u)(z) Vert : u ~ text{is a unit vector in} ~ Gamma })