Be open to failure:Open innovation failure in dynamic environments

Despite the considerable efforts made to investigate the factors that could potentially influence open innovation (OI), very little is understood about the impact of environmental factors such as dynamism. In addition, the question relating to the relationship between environmental factors and OI remains unresolved. Further, the conditions under which this relationship is more or less pronounced are also little understood. With our study, we examined these gaps through data collected from 209 emerging market small and medium enterprises (ESMEs) operating in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Our analyses show that environmental dynamism negatively influences OI and that this nexus is mediated by organizational learning culture. In addition, we found that the mediation effect of organizational learning culture is moderated by relational trust, in that it is improved at high levels of relational trust. Finally, we found that the organizational learning-OI nexus is moderated by firm size and industry type. These findings extend our knowledge of the role played by micro-environmental factors in OI activities.© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Alliance management capability and SMEs’ international expansion : The role of innovation pathways

Although alliance management capability (AMC) has been widely investigated as a firm-level performance driver, it is still unclear whether and how this distinctive type of relational capability can enhance small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) internationalization activity. By integrating the alliance capability literature and resource-based view (RBV), as well as using data collected from a sample comprising 248 SMEs in UK manufacturing industries, we address this gap by examining the mechanisms through which SMEs can expand their internationalization via collaboration. We found support for our contention that AMC enhances radical and incremental co-innovation in SMEs, culminating in the international expansion of these firms. Additionally, we reveal the moderating effects of alliance partner diversity on the AMC and co-innovation relationship. The results offer both theoretical and managerial insights, contributing to a better understanding of how SMEs can leverage AMC to drive their global expansion strategies.© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

International Vertical Alliances within the International Business Field : A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda

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Integration of outside-in and inside-out entrepreneurial marketing capabilities, marketing agility, and resources for entrepreneurial firms performance

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Alliance management capabilities and internationalisation in SMEs setting:The mediating role of innovation activity.

Inter-organisational collaboration (IOC) has been regarded as a strategic option by companies from different sizes and sectors. In this regard, IOC is often related to innovation and internationalisation performance. However, research shows that these relationships are complex and risky where approximately 50% of them fail. Accordingly, scholars have sought to understand the dynamics of IOC and pointed towards the association between alliance management capabilities (AMC) and IOC success. However, despite the development in this topic, two important gaps remain. First, it is still unclear how AMC can actual lead to superior internationalisation performance. Second, the empirical research on AMC has thus far focused upon large firms, while overlooking SMEs. In this thesis, the two gaps are addressed by examining the process by which SMEs can realise the potential value of AMC for superior internationalisation performance by using the Resource-Based View (RBV). Specifically, in this process, radical and incremental co-innovation are conceived as the two strategic actions needed to leverage AMC for internationalisation performance. This study adopts a quantitative survey approach to address the research question. To answer the research question of this study, a sample of 278 usable responses from SMEs in UK manufacturing industries was collected through a web-based survey. The quantitative data was analysed using the structural equation modelling (SEM) technique. The analysis confirms that AMC is positively associated with radical co-innovation and incremental co-innovation. The positive effect of AMC on radical co-innovation is stronger at high levels of alliance partner diversity. The positive effect of AMC on incremental coinnovation is stronger at low levels of alliance partner diversity. In addition, both radical coinnovation and incremental co-innovation are found to have a positive relationship with internationalisation performance. No support is found for the interaction effect of foreign market knowledge on the relationship between radical co-innovation, incremental coinnovation and internationalisation performance. Overall, this study makes three key contributions to the extant RBV literature in general, and AMC and IOC literature in particular. First, this study answers the question of how in RBV research and considers the strategic actions through which AMC contribute to internationalisation performance. Second, this study adds to current knowledge on IOC by showing some moderating effects. In particular, this study shows that the effect of AMC on strategic action varies depending upon the level of alliance partner diversity. Finally, this study contributes to AMC literature by empirically testing the AMC construct and its dimensions (that are inter-organisational coordination, inter-organisational learning, alliance transformation, alliance proactiveness and alliance bonding) in the context of SMEs. In such cases, the influence of AMC on SMEs’ pursuit of actions in IOC is identified. This study offers practical implications for the mangers of SMEs to better understand the need of AMC to effectively manage and execute the strategic actions and to achieve internationalisation performance

Immunochemical and PCR analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin B (SEB) in milk and fruit juices collected in Lahore, Pakistan

Enterotoxins secreted by S. aureus are known as a food-poisoning agent that is associated with various gastro-intestinal pathological conditions. In this study, a one-step immunodetection method was devised for routine checking of SEB in milk and fruit juices available locally. Antibodies against recombinant SEB were raised, purified, and cross reactivity was checked against clinically important bacteria (Shigella flexneri, Streptococci, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella and Bacillus subtilis). Purified anti-SEB antibodies were conjugated with gold nanoparticles (Ab-GNPs) for direct detection of SEB in samples. SEB (33%, 4.76% and 15%) was found in non-sterilized milk (118), sterilized milk (42) and juices (60), respectively. Coagulase, MSA tests and PCR amplification of 725 bp of the SEB gene confirmed the presence of S. aureus in the collected samples positive for SEB. Immunoassay is easy, reliable and less time consuming and will be helpful to detect the SEB in food samples at local level

The Role of Emotions in Cross-border Mergers & Acquisitions : A Systematic Review of the Inter-disciplinary Literature and Future Research Agenda

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R&D Alliances and SMEs Post-Entry Internationalization Speed : The Impact of Alliance Management Capability and Co-innovation Ambidexterity

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De‑globalization, International Trade Protectionism, and the Reconfigurations of Global Value Chains

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The effects of inward FDI communities on the research and development intensity of emerging market locally domiciled firms : Partial foreign ownership as a contingency

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