Calpain 10 Gene Polymorphism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Gaza Strip

Calpain-10 (CAPN10) is a member of a large family of intracellular proteases. The polymorphisms at CAPN10 gene have recently been associated with complex forms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It was shown in Mexican-Americans and other populations that variants of polymorphisms, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-44, SNP-43, deletion/insertion (del/ins)-19, and SNP-63, of this gene influence susceptibility to T2DM. However, substantial differences were shown between ethnic groups in at risk alleles and haplotypes as well as in their attributable risk. Aim: To examine the role of CAPN10 SNPs -44, -43, -63, and del/ins-19 in genetic susceptibility to T2DM and to the levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in Gaza Strip. Methods: Ninety six individuals were examined: 48 T2DM patients and 48 control individuals. The groups were genotyped for CAPN10 SNP-44, SNP-43, SNP-63, and del/ins-19. Mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) was used to examine SNP-44, del/ins-19 was examined by electrophoresis of the PCR product on agarose gel by size, while the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method was used for SNP-43 and SNP-63. Results: There was no association between T2DM and allele frequencies of SNP-43, del/ins-19 and SNP-63. Distributions of genotypes, haplotypes and haplotypes combinations in the studied variants were not significantly different between the groups. However, there was evidence that the C-allele at SNP-44, plays a possible role in the susceptibility to T2DM (p=0.01). T2DM patients with G/A genotype were found to have higher cholesterol levels in comparison to those homozygous for allele 1 (G/G) in SNP-43. We found also that T2DM patients who are homozygous for del/ins-19 allele 2 have higher cholesterol levels in comparison to other genotypes. In addition, T2DM patients having the 121/221 haplotypes combination have higher serum cholesterol level than those with other haplotypes combinations. And that control subjects with haplotypes combination 111/121 have higher serum cholesterol level than those with other haplotypes combinations. Conclusion: The polymorphism SNP-44 at CAPN10 has an association with T2DM. CAPN10 also has an association with the levels of cholesterol in both T2DM patients and control individuals

Public diplomacy in a networked society: The Chinese government–NGO coalition network on acquired immune deficiency syndrome prevention

In the era of globalization, the line between domestic and international communication is becoming increasingly blurred. Public diplomacy communication is one such case. Public diplomacy has evolved from a focus on mass media to communication efforts to build transnational communication networks of relationships with respected international non-governmental organizations. This article explores how the Chinese government communicated with and collaborated with transnational human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome international non-governmental organizations. The findings of a network analysis of Chinese-international non-governmental organizations public diplomacy suggest that the Chinese government is strategically communicating with international organizations to help address a domestic issue. Additionally, the findings of a content analysis of international media coverage of China’s management of the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome issue suggest that more positive frames are occurring in the news. China is now viewed as making progress in its handling of the health crisis.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Thermodynamic optimization of reheat regenerative thermal-power plants

A first- and second-law procedure for the optimization of the reheat pressure level in reheat regeneration thermal-power plants is presented. The procedure is general in form and is applied for a thermal-power plant having two reheat pressure levels and two open-type feedwater heaters. The second-law efficiency of the steam generator, turbine cycle and plant are evaluated and optimized. The irreversibilities in the different components of the steam generator and turbine cycle sections are evaluated and discussed. Additional constraints such as the steam qualities at the exits of the different turbine stages are considered.