Increase of hepatic nitric oxide levels in a nutritional model of fatty liver in broiler breeder hens

Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is a metabolic condition of laying hens characterized by the accumulation of excess fat in the liver and liver hemorrhage. It suggested that oxidative damage to the cellular and organelle membranes of the liver increases the susceptibility of the liver to hemorrhage. However, a local chemical component that may affect the incidence of hemorrhage in liver, by affecting the blood pressure of liver, is nitric oxide. To clarify the effects of high (20 and 40% more than normal) and low (20% less than normal) food intake on plasma and liver oxidative products, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC), and also nitric oxide (NO) in over fed broiler breeder hens, 198 hens (30 weeks old) were fed for 30 days (two 14-day period). Feed intake, body weight (BW), egg production (EP), plasma NO, MDA and CP were measured at the end of each 14-day periods. Food intake did not reduce during 4 weeks of experiment in hens fed with 20 and 40% above their estimated requirement. Increased food intake resulted in increased body weight gain significantly (P < 0.05). Egg production significantly declined in hens provided with C+40% diet (P < 0.05). Liver MDA, NO and PC concentrations were increased in C+40% hens in second period of experiment (P < 0.05). Liver hemorrhage score of hens fed C+40% diet significantly was higher in the second period of the experiment. It was concluded that an increase in liver hemorrhage in over fed broiler breeder can be associated with the oxidative stress components (MDA, PC) and liver NO concentration.Keywords: Fatty liver, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, broiler breederAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(35), pp. 5775-5778, 30 August, 201

Evaluation of an Innovative Zn Source on Feed Efficiency, Growth Performance, Skin and Bone Quality of Broilers Suffering Heat Stress

One thousand two hundred male broilers were used to evaluate the effect of different dosages of HiZox® on feed efficiency, growth performance and bone quality of broilers suffering from heat stress. A completely randomized design was used, with four treatments and ten replicates. Basal corn–soybean meal diets supplemented with 75, 100 and 125 mg/kg zinc from HiZox and 100 mg/kg zinc from regular ZnO were used to make four treatments. Heat stress was induced after the third week by keeping house temperature between 28–34 °C, from 1 pm until 5 pm. The body weights of the birds that received the diet supplemented with HiZox or ZnO showed no significant difference at 7 and 14 days. Body weight of heat stressed birds fed diets containing different levels of HiZox or ZnO were not different at 28 and 42 days of age. In comparison to the Ross 308 management guide, induced heat stress diminished body weight and feed intake by approximately 17 and 21%, respectively. At 28 days, chickens who received 125 mg/kg Zn from Hizox had better feed efficiency (p p p p p p p p < 0.03). Solubility of Zn in the gizzard of chickens who received HiZox was higher (about 30%) than broilers fed regular ZnO. In conclusion, Zn from HiZox was more efficient in decreasing heat stress mortality, increasing skin resistance and bone breaking strength compared to a regular ZnO source

Effect of Bacillus subtilis spore (GalliPro®) nutrients equivalency value on broiler chicken performance

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutrients equivalency value of Bacillus subtilis spore (GalliPro®) for broiler chickens and its potential for decreasing feed nutrients concentration and cost. A total of 720 day old Ross 308 broiler chicks was allocated in 6 treatments (2 sexes×3 diets) with 6 replication for 7 weeks. Dietary treatments: main treatment (MT) was routine broiler diet added 0.2 g/kg GalliPro® (Bacillus subtilis 4×109 CFU/g DSM 17299) and using nutrients equivalency of GalliPro® for feed formulation; negative control (NC) was the same as main treatment without GalliPro® (subtracted the nutrients equivalent value of GalliPro®); positive control (PC) was the same as MT diet in nutrients content but without GalliPro®. Effect of dietary treatments on body weight (BW) was not significant. However, the average BW of male and female chicks receiving negative control diet was 2.0% (68 g) lower than PC and MT groups (P&gt;0.05). Dietary treatments had no significant effect on average daily feed intake. Feed conversion ratio of chicks receiving PC and MT diets were 2.7% better than NC chicks (P&lt;0.01). Male chicks were superior to female in all measured traits (P&lt;0.01). Effect of treatments on carcass characteristics was not significant. There was no interaction between factors on measured parameters. Performance of chicks receiving diet with GalliPro® compared with PC showed that GalliPro® liberated 0.4 crude protein from MT diet and consequently decreased the broiler feeding cost

Comparison of Different Ideal Amino Acid Ratios in Male and Female Broiler Chickens of 21 to 42 Days of Age

An amino acid bioassay was carried out to compare responses of male and female broiler chicks to different ideal amino acid (AA) ratios from 21 to 42d of age. The ideal ratios were used to calculate AA requirements were IICP (Illinois Ideal Chick Protein), NRC (1994), RPAN (Rhone Poulenc Animal Nutrition) and feedstuff AA ratios which were compared with each other and with a positive control diet. Indispensable AAS were rationed to lysine according to requirement ratios in tested profiles, with digestible lysine set at 0.85 and 0.78 for male and female, respectively. Experimental period began at day 21 and lasted in 42d of age. Diets for all profiles contained 3200kcal AMEn/kg, and L-glutamic acid was used to make all diets equal in crude protein at 14.25% of the diet. Chicks fed diets formulated with RPAN had significantly lower weight gain and feed efficiency than IICP, NRC and feedstuff which is probably consequence of high Lys: Leu ratio in this profile. There were no significant differences in feed intake, weight gain and feed: gain among chicks fed IICP, NRC (1994) and feedstuff. Since IICP ratios in the case of all AAS (except Met+Cys in NRC) are lower than or close to the ratios in NRC (1994) and feedstuff, it can be concluded that IICP ideal ratios is sufficient for supporting maximal weight gain and feed efficiency. Chicks fed diets which their AA requirements calculated by feedstuff ratios had higher breast meat yield than IICP and NRC (1994) which may be due to higher Lys: Met+Cys ratio in this profile. Results of this experiment suggest that although male and female broiler chicks have different body composition and consequently different AA requirements, but they respond similarly to different ideal AA ratios

Comparison Dietary Nano and Micro Manganese on Broilers Performance

Extended Abstract Chitosan a cationic biopolymer obtained from N-deacetylation of chitin, has excellent features due to its non-toxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility and bio adhesion Effects of dietary Manganese loaded chitosan nanoparticle supplementation vs micro particle manganese, on growth, performance, bone characteristics and its manganese content in broilers, were investigated. 304, (1-d-old) Ross 308 mail broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 19 dietary treatments, each group were given a diet having a different concentration of Mn (20mg/ kg, control group;70 mg /kg, 120 mg/kg and 170 mg/kg) , as graded level, from different sources ( Manganese Sulfate, Carbonate and Oxide ) and two scales( Nano and Micro ) for 35d. The treatment replicated 4 times, 4 birds in each. Results indicated that supplemental manganese in both nano and micro scale and from different sources, didn&apos;t have any significant effect on growth performance, feed consumption, FCR and body weight gain . Bone length and diameter were measured , using a caliper with an accuracy of 0.001 cm. The wet bone volume (bone volume) was taken by the weight change in the air and water method By the supplementation with manganese, tibia length , tibia volume , tibia breaking strength, and tibia diameter increased significantly (P &lt; 0.01). Also there was a significant difference (P &lt; 0.01) on these parameters between the treatments, supplemented with different sources of manganese . The highest quantity of these parameters were related to nano manganese sulfate and the lowest of these values after the control group were related to the micro manganese oxide. Comparison of dry tibia weight indicated that the bone weight increased significantly (P &lt; 0.001) by diet supplementation with nano Mn instead of micro Mn. Also dietary micro Mn increased tibia weight significantly (P &lt; 0.001) in comparison with basal diet . Manganese from different sources didn&apos;t have a significant effect on bone Mn content and bone weight . These may indicate that nano manganese could be a new substitute supplementation with a higher performance in broilers diet

Barley sprouts and D-Aspartic acid supplementation improves fertility, hatchability, and semen quality in aging male broiler breeders by up-regulating StAR and P450SCC gene expressions

ABSTRACT: At 50 wk of age, broiler breeder roosters exhibit a significant decline of fertility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of incorporating barley sprout (BS) powder, D-aspartic acid (DA), or their combination into the diet on fertility, hatchability, semen quality, and the relative expression of StAR and P450SCC genes in aging broiler roosters. Aging (50 wk) male broiler breeders (n=32) were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments (2 × 2 factorial) with 2 levels of BS (0 or 2% basal diet) and DA (0 or 200 mg/kg/BW) for 12 wk. Roosters were individually housed under a 14-h light and 10-h dark cycle, with 150 g/d feed allocation and free access to fresh water, then euthanized. Throughout the study, the body weight of the broiler breeders was measured, along with various parameters related to semen quality, on a weekly basis. Additionally, artificial insemination was performed during the last 2 wk to evaluate reproductive endpoints. The results revealed that both BS and DA decreased (P < 0.01) body weight. Interestingly, the inclusion of BS, either alone or in combination with DA, resulted in a significant increase in total and forward sperm motility. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the seminal concentration of malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress, was significantly decreased by more than 20% in all groups compared to the control. The combination of both BS and DA led to the highest levels of circulating testosterone, as well as the functionality and membrane integrity of sperms. Additionally, it resulted in increased sperm concentrations, production, and penetration, ultimately leading to improved fertility rate and hatchability percentage. Moreover, a positive association between total motility and fertility was observed (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the combined supplementation of BS and DA up-regulated the relative mRNA expression of P450scc and StAR (P < 0.01). To summarize, dietary inclusion of BS, DA, or their combination have a potential to improve various aspects of reproductive performance in aging roosters

Effect of single- and multi-strain probiotics on broiler breeder performance, immunity and intestinal toll-like receptors expression

Effects of multi-strain (Lactofeed) and mono-strain (Pediguard) probiotics on broiler breeder performance and expression of toll-like receptors (TLR) were evaluated. Three hundred broiler breeder hens (Ross 308) at the age of 51 weeks were randomly allocated into 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 6 replicates in each in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments included (1) the basal diet (control), (2) control + 0.1 g/kg Lactofeed, (3) control + 0.1 g/kg Pediguard, (4) control + 0.1 g/kg Lactofeed + 0.1 g/kg Pediguard and (5) control + 0.5 g/kg oxytetracycline antibiotic. Compared to the control group, treatments had no effect on hen-day egg production and body weight of broiler breeders (P > .05). The egg yolk cholesterol concentration of broiler breeders fed probiotic-supplemented diet was decreased (P  .05) while TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression up-regulated (P < .05). It can be concluded Lactofeed and Pediguard did not improve broiler breeder performance and T-cell-mediated immune response and are not advisable for breeder nutrition

Efficacy of Pediococcus acidlactici-based probiotic on intestinal Coliforms and villus height, serum cholesterol level and performance of broiler chickens

The objective of this research was to investigate the efficacy of Pediococcus acidlactici-based probiotic on broilers performance. One hundred and sixty male Ross broiler chicks were allocated in 2 experimental treatments for 6 weeks. The experimental birds received a corn-soybean meal basal diet that was supplemented as follows: “control,” with no other additions; “PA,” Pediococcus acidlactici. For broilers fed diet supplemented with PA, the results showed that body weight (BW) increased and feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to those of the control. Treatment of PA increased (P &lt; 0.05) villus height in duodenum and ileum when compared with control. Broilers fed diet supplemented with PA also had lower (P &lt; 0.05) coliforms number of the ileum and serum cholesterol level than that of the control. This study showed the beneficial effects of Pediococcus acidlactici-based probiotic on broilers performance.Key words: Pediococcus acidlactici, performance, probiotic, broiler chicken