The Highlighted Role of GAPDH and Nitric-Oxide Synthase Regulator Activity in Proton Beam Irradiated Melanoma BLM Cells

Introduction: Human melanoma is a type of invasive tumor that its treatments is challenging. To better understand the proton irradiation mechanisms as one of the widely applied therapy for this type of cancer, bioinformatics analysis of proteomics outcome could be beneficial.Methods: Protein-protein interaction network analysis of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of melanoma BLM (BRO Lung Metastasis) cells in the treatment of 3 Gy dosage proton therapy is performed in this study via Cytoscape V.3.7.2. and its integrated plug-ins.Results: A number of 18 DEPs were searched for network constructions and limited numbers of (query +neighbor proteins) were found central. The hub-bottlenecks or in the other words, central nodes were GAPDH, ACTB, ALB, AKT1, TP53, and EGFR. The fist mentioned proteins is from DEPs. Enrichment analysis of these elements identified as nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity and positive regulation of norepinephrine uptake that may be key in the mechanisms of proton therapy.Conclusion: In conclusion, the identified central nodes (EGFR, TP53, ALB, AKT1, GAPDH, and ACTB) and the related biological terms consist with the nature of melanoma and also radiation effects.

Assessment of Cytokine-Mediated Signaling Pathway Dysregulation in Arm Skin After CO2 Laser Therapy

Introduction: Laser therapy is known as an efficient approach in dermatology surgery. CO2 laser therapy is a gold standard treatment in skin surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the interferons change after CO2 laser surgeryMethods: Significant differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) of arm skin after 7 days of treatment by the CO2 laser relative to the controls are downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and are included in the protein-protein interaction network via a STRING database (an application of Cytoscape software). The central DEGs were identified and enriched via gene ontology by using Clue GO software.  Results: A network including 78 DEGs and 100 neighbors was constructed and STAT1, MX1, ISG15, OAS1, IFIT1, IRF8, OASL, OAS2, and RSAD2 as hubs and STAT1, PTPRC, MX1, IRF8, ISG15, IL6, RORC, SAMSN1, and IFIT1 as bottlenecks were introduced. The cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, interferon gamma signaling, hepatitis C, interferon alpha/beta signaling, and the type I interferon signaling pathway were identified as five clusters of biological terms which are related to the central nodes.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the cytokine-mediated signaling pathway is the major pathway that is dysregulated after laser application in the treated skin.

Analysis of Laser Therapy Effects on Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A System Biology Study

Introduction: Mechanism of Laser therapy and also its safety are two important features of application of different types of laser in medicine. Aim of this study is investigating the critical affected genes after treatment of squamous cell carcinoma patients.Methods: Gene expression profiles of 4 squamous cell carcinoma patients that are treated via chemoradiotherapy plus laser relative to the 3 similar patients without laser exposure from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) are downloaded and are screen to find critical genes via network analysis. STRING database, Cytoscape software, and Clue GO plug in of Cytoscape software are used.  Results: The genes; HSX70 and NCC27 as neighbors and HSPA1B, CLIC1, RAB13, PPIF, and LCE3D were determined as hub genes. Over-expression of LCE3D was interpreted as side effect of laser therapy. Apoptosis and cell cycle were the dominant biological processes that regulated by the HSP molecules in laser treated patients.Conclusion: Laser was effected the main biological processes and simultaneously issued side effects.