Jono Puzino gyvenimo kelias

On the 100th birth anniversary of Jonas Puzinas, the pioneer of Lithuanian professional archaeology, his life, contribution to Lithuanian archaeology and culture, and public and pedagogical activities are reviewed. Born in 1905 in the Ukmergė district, he studied the Lithuanian language and literature and comparative linguistics and pedagogy at the Faculty of Arts at Kaunas University. During his studies he also worked at the Kaunas City Museum where he got interested in archaeology. In 1930 J. Puzinas received a state scholarship and left for Heidelberg University to study archaeology. Upon return to Lithuania in 1934, he became director of the Kaunas City Museum and a senior assistant of the Ethnic Department of the Arts Faculty at Vytautas Magnus University. He also worked intensively as a lecturer and was willing to restore the Department of Archaeology, which was established in 1940. J. Puzinas raised the second generation of Lithuanian professional archaeologists. In 1938 he published The Latest Data of the Prehistory Explorations, which is the most important archaeological synthesis in pre-war Lithuania, covering the period from the Stone Age to the formation of the state (13th c.). In 1936-1939 he carried out archaeological explorations of destroyed grave fields and participated in international scientific conferences. In July 1944, J. Puzinas and his family fled to Germany where he joined the activities of Baltic University near Hamburg. In autumn 1949 he moved to Philadelphia in the USA, devoting himself to the activities of the Lithuanian community. J. Puzinas died in 1978 in Chicago at the age of 73, and is buried at the Lithuanian National Cemetery

Piliakalnių papėdžių gyvenvietės: tyrinėjimų problematika Lietuvoje

Hill-fort foot settlements are single cultural layers near a hill fort. The article presents a review of their investigations conducted till 2003, analyzes names of objects, ascertains their place among other archaeological monuments, discusses the impact of volume of investigations on the entire cognition, analyzes place of buildings in the structure of the settlements. Up to date hill-fort foot settlements have been found at 350 hill forts. From the 1930‘s till 2003 in Lithuania 81 hill-fort foot settlements were investigated (Table 1). They were investigated unsystematically in low volumes – on the average 1% of the area of each settlement (around 237 m2) was investigated, whereas the whole average area of each settlement is 2,48 ha. In an estate occupying up to 1000 m2 area one building can be found in at least 25 m2 area. In 40% of hill-fort foot settlements only exploratory archaeological excavations (of 50 m2 area each) have been conducted. More detailed excavations of 26 hill-fort foot settlements provided more information about such settlements, however interpretation of their structure and artefacts found are obstructed by the fact that the settlements were investigated in different locations in small areas. During excavations of the hill-fort foot settlements only artefacts and small structures (hearths, household pits, pillars) have been registered, whereas major structure elements (buildings, roads, land lots) have not been studied (remains of buildings have been found only in 24 cases). The cognition of hill-fort foot settlements can be helped only by new comprehensive investigations applying new methodologies of registering findings