Economic Valuation of Marine Tourism in Small Island Using Travel Cost Method (Case Study: Untung Jawa Island, Indonesia)

Marine tourism activities in small islands have an important role in the development of Indonesia maritime sector. This study aimed to estimate the economic value of marine tourism activities in Untung Jawa Island. Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM) was selected to analyze the level of tourism demand of Untung Jawa. Samples were taken from three different season visits are weekday, weekend, and national holidays. The results showed the factors that have an effect on the level of tourist demand of Untung Jawa Island are travel cost, income, and distance to the location. The potential economic value of marine tourism Untung Jawa Island was IDR 68,505,101,600 with consumer surplus of IDR 397,592 per individual trip. This value is higher than the average of actual visitor expenditure which reached IDR 296,860 per individual trip. Tourism activity has a positive impact on economic conditions of local communities. The results of this study have provided useful information for sustainable management of marine resources

Valuasi Ekonomi Objek Wisata Berbasis Jasa Lingkungan Menggunakan Metode Biaya Perjalanan di Pantai Batu Karas Kabupaten Pangandaran

Batu Karas beach at Pangandaran Regency, West Java Province has the potential of natural beauties that can be used as an ecotourism object. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic value of environmental service-based tourism and to identify factors that contribute to the tourism demand to Batu Karas beach. Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM) was used to estimate the potential economic value of tourism activity, and linear regression analysis was used to determine the influence factors of tourism demand. Data was obtained through questionnaires to respondents. The results showed that the most influential factors of the level of tourist demand to Batu Karas beach are travel cost, distance and duration in the location. The demand equation model based on travel cost method is Y = 1.766 0.000001887 X1 ; where Y= tourism demand and X1 = travel cost. Potential economic value of ecotourism in Batu Karas beach reached Rp 86,571,960,874.00 annually with a consumer surplus of Rp 566,183.00 per individual per year. Major economic benefits from tourism activities in Batu Karas beach brings socio-economic improvement of the local community

Determining The Seaweed Solid Waste-Based Ethanol Potential from Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Perspective

The purpose of this study was to examine the environmental impact of ethanol production using solid waste as a raw material from the extraction of red seaweed. Sources of data used in this study derived from literature studies. The type of red seaweed studied was k-carrageenan extracted from Eucheuma cottoni, Eucheuma spinosum, and Gracilaria Manilaensis. The system limitation in this study is gate-to-gate analysis, which includes processing raw materials to ethanol products using the relative mass and energy value method using a cut-off value of 5%. The value of CO2 emissions from ethanol production using solid waste from Eucheuma cottonii is 2.97´10-14 kg CO2eq/kg of ethanol. The production of ethanol using solid waste from Eucheuma spinosum and Gracilaria manilaensis resulted in CO2 emissions of 5.72 and 2.87 kg CO2 eq/kg of ethanol, respectively. Bioethanol from solid waste extracted from k-carrageenan from Eucheuma cottonii becomes an environmentally friendly biofuel compared to bioethanol from sugarcane and sweet bagasse sorghum. The result of the main environmental impact study using the LCA method shows that the fermentation process, followed by the production of enzymes and electricity, is the main contributor to CO2 emissions