110 research outputs found
Parents in Search for Quality Basic Education: Consumption or Investment?
Post-2015 development and education agenda is expected to shift emphasis from education for all to access to quality education for primary, secondary and selected tertiary students. This paper defines the indicators of quality basic education, using multiple correspondence analysis. Prior to this, a log-linear demand model is specified to determine the economic factors behind the parental choice for quality basic education. The non-economic factors are incorporated using a logistic regression model. The indicators for quality basic education are defined, using multiple correspondence analysis. Data are obtained from interviews of high-income parents from the least developed regions in southern Philippines. Age, income and education of parents are important determinants in the decision of parents to enroll in private schools. Logistic regression results show that the parental choice of the best primary and secondary schools for their children include both consumption and investment considerations
Visual Topic Modelling for NewsImage Task at MediaEval 2021
We present the Visual Topic Model (VTM)āa model able to generate a topic distribution for an image, without using any text during inference. The model is applied to an image-text matching task at MediaEval 2021. Though results for this specific task are negative (the model works worse than a baseline), we demonstrate that VTM produces meaningful results and can be used in other applications
The Meeting of Myths and Realities: The āHomecomingā of Second-Generation Exiles in Post-Apartheid South Africa
This article is based on the findings of a qualitative study of second-generation exiles, who were born in exile and/or spent their formative years in exile during apartheid. It is based on in-depth interviews with forty-seven men and women who spent their childhoods in North America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, West Africa, East Africa, and southern Africa as second-generation exiles during apartheid. This article will focus on the tensions that arose over the myths and realities of return, in what often became dashed expectations of returning to a welcoming, free, and progressive post-apartheid South Africa, politically and socially united around key liberation principles. It will also discuss the manner in which the experience and memory of exile influenced former second-generation exilesā perceptions of their roles as agents of change in post- apartheid South Africaāroles that were often adopted in the name of an ongoing liberation struggle.Cet article preĢsente les reĢsultats dāune eĢtude qualitative dāexileĢs de seconde geĢneĢration qui sont neĢs et/ou ont passeĢ leur jeunesse en exil pendant lāapartheid sud-africaine. Cette eĢtude repose sur des entrevues approfondies meneĢes avec quarante-sept hommes et femmes qui ont grandi en AmeĢrique du Nord, en Europe de lāOuest et de lāEst, et dans lāouest, lāest et le sud de lāAfrique, en tant quāexileĢs de lāapartheid. Cet article examine plus preĢciseĢment les tensions issues des mythes et des reĢaliteĢs du retour au pays, et des attentes deĢcĢ§ues dāun retour aĢ une Afrique du Sud accueillante, libre, progressiste et unie politiquement et socialement par des valeurs lieĢes aĢ lāideĢal de liberteĢ. On y analyse eĢgalement comment les expeĢriences et les souvenirs de ces anciens exileĢs marquent leur propre perception de leur contribution aĢ la socieĢteĢ post-apartheid, bien sou- vent penseĢe comme une contribution aĢ la poursuite dāune lutte pour la liberteĢ
Multilingual and Multimodal Topic Modelling with Pretrained Embeddings
This paper presents M3L-Contrastāa novel multimodal multilingual (M3L) neural topic model for comparable data that maps texts from multiple languages and images into a shared topic space. Our model is trained jointly on texts and images and takes advantage of pretrained document and image embeddings to abstract the complexities between different languages and modalities. As a multilingual topic model, it produces aligned language-specific topics and as multimodal model, it infers textual representations of semantic concepts in images. We demonstrate that our model is competitive with a zero-shot topic model in predicting topic distributions for comparable multilingual data and significantly outperforms a zero-shot model in predicting topic distributions for comparable texts and images. We also show that our model performs almost as well on unaligned embeddings as it does on aligned embeddings.Peer reviewe
Population Pressure and Migration: Implications for Upland Development in the Philippines
This paper is based largely on the integrated summary report entitled āPopulation Pressure and Migration: Implications for Upland Development,ā PIDS Working Paper 86-02. It discusses the role of population pressure and migration in Philippine upland development. It employs three levels of analysis using combined macro and micro data: identification of upland sites using topographic maps and serial photographs, identification of major migration streams and analysis of upland migration from the perspective of micro, village-level information.population and family relation, uplands, migration
Population Pressure and Migration: Implications for Upland Development in the Philippines
This paper is based largely on the integrated summary report entitled āPopulation Pressure and Migration: Implications for Upland Development,ā PIDS Working Paper 86-02. It discusses the role of population pressure and migration in Philippine upland development. It employs three levels of analysis using combined macro and micro data: identification of upland sites using topographic maps and serial photographs, identification of major migration streams and analysis of upland migration from the perspective of micro, village-level information.population and family relation, uplands, migration
Childhood in Exile: The Agency of Second-Generation Exiles Seeking Refuge from Apartheid
This paper is based on a retrospective study of children who were born in exile and/or spent their formative years in exile during apartheid. It is based on 21 in-depth interviews with men and women who spent their childhoods in an average of three different countries in North America, Western Europe, the Nordic region, Eastern Europe, West Africa, and East Africa as second-generation exiles during apartheid. This article will argue that the interplay of structure and agency in the lives of second-generation exiles in the process of migration and in the transitory spaces that they occupied should be explored. Second-generation exile children devised a range of strategies in order to challenge or cope with constantly shifting contexts characterized by inequalities, social exclusion, violence, and political uncertainty.Cet article sāappuie sur une eĢtude reĢtrospective dāenfants neĢs en exil ou qui ont passeĢ leurs premieĢres anneĢes en exil durant lāapartheid. LāeĢtude est baseĢe sur 21 entrevues en profondeur avec des hommes et des femmes qui ont passeĢ leur enfance comme des exileĢs de deuxieĢme geĢneĢration au cours de lāapartheid dans une moyenne de trois pays dif- feĢrents en AmeĢrique du Nord, Europe occidentale, reĢgion nordique, Europe de lāEst, Afrique de lāOuest et Afrique de lāEst. Cet article fait valoir que lāinteraction de la structure et de lāentremise dans la vie des exileĢs de seconde geĢneĢration en voie de migration et dans les espaces transitoires quāils occupaient devrait eĢtre exploreĢe. Les enfants exileĢs de deuxieĢme geĢneĢration ont mis au point une gamme de strateĢgies en vue de contester ou dāaffronter des contextes en constante mutation, caracteĢriseĢ par des ineĢgaliteĢs, lāexclusion sociale, la violence et lāincertitude politique
Grounded and Well-rounded: A Methodological Approach to the Study of Cross-modal and Cross-lingual Grounding
Grounding has been argued to be a crucial component towards the development
of more complete and truly semantically competent artificial intelligence
systems. Literature has divided into two camps: While some argue that grounding
allows for qualitatively different generalizations, others believe it can be
compensated by mono-modal data quantity. Limited empirical evidence has emerged
for or against either position, which we argue is due to the methodological
challenges that come with studying grounding and its effects on NLP systems.
In this paper, we establish a methodological framework for studying what the
effects are - if any - of providing models with richer input sources than
text-only. The crux of it lies in the construction of comparable samples of
populations of models trained on different input modalities, so that we can
tease apart the qualitative effects of different input sources from
quantifiable model performances. Experiments using this framework reveal
qualitative differences in model behavior between cross-modally grounded,
cross-lingually grounded, and ungrounded models, which we measure both at a
global dataset level as well as for specific word representations, depending on
how concrete their semantics is.Comment: accepted to Findings of EMNLP 202
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