Parents in Search for Quality Basic Education: Consumption or Investment?

Post-2015 development and education agenda is expected to shift emphasis from education for all to access to quality education for primary, secondary and selected tertiary students. This paper defines the indicators of quality basic education, using multiple correspondence analysis. Prior to this, a log-linear demand model is specified to determine the economic factors behind the parental choice for quality basic education. The non-economic factors are incorporated using a logistic regression model. The indicators for quality basic education are defined, using multiple correspondence analysis. Data are obtained from interviews of high-income parents from the least developed regions in southern Philippines. Age, income and education of parents are important determinants in the decision of parents to enroll in private schools. Logistic regression results show that the parental choice of the best primary and secondary schools for their children include both consumption and investment considerations

Visual Topic Modelling for NewsImage Task at MediaEval 2021

We present the Visual Topic Model (VTM)—a model able to generate a topic distribution for an image, without using any text during inference. The model is applied to an image-text matching task at MediaEval 2021. Though results for this specific task are negative (the model works worse than a baseline), we demonstrate that VTM produces meaningful results and can be used in other applications

The Meeting of Myths and Realities: The “Homecoming” of Second-Generation Exiles in Post-Apartheid South Africa

This article is based on the findings of a qualitative study of second-generation exiles, who were born in exile and/or spent their formative years in exile during apartheid. It is based on in-depth interviews with forty-seven men and women who spent their childhoods in North America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, West Africa, East Africa, and southern Africa as second-generation exiles during apartheid. This article will focus on the tensions that arose over the myths and realities of return, in what often became dashed expectations of returning to a welcoming, free, and progressive post-apartheid South Africa, politically and socially united around key liberation principles. It will also discuss the manner in which the experience and memory of exile influenced former second-generation exiles’ perceptions of their roles as agents of change in post- apartheid South Africa—roles that were often adopted in the name of an ongoing liberation struggle.Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude qualitative d’exilés de seconde génération qui sont nés et/ou ont passé leur jeunesse en exil pendant l’apartheid sud-africaine. Cette étude repose sur des entrevues approfondies menées avec quarante-sept hommes et femmes qui ont grandi en Amérique du Nord, en Europe de l’Ouest et de l’Est, et dans l’ouest, l’est et le sud de l’Afrique, en tant qu’exilés de l’apartheid. Cet article examine plus précisément les tensions issues des mythes et des réalités du retour au pays, et des attentes déçues d’un retour à une Afrique du Sud accueillante, libre, progressiste et unie politiquement et socialement par des valeurs liées à l’idéal de liberté. On y analyse également comment les expériences et les souvenirs de ces anciens exilés marquent leur propre perception de leur contribution à la société post-apartheid, bien sou- vent pensée comme une contribution à la poursuite d’une lutte pour la liberté

Multilingual and Multimodal Topic Modelling with Pretrained Embeddings

This paper presents M3L-Contrast—a novel multimodal multilingual (M3L) neural topic model for comparable data that maps texts from multiple languages and images into a shared topic space. Our model is trained jointly on texts and images and takes advantage of pretrained document and image embeddings to abstract the complexities between different languages and modalities. As a multilingual topic model, it produces aligned language-specific topics and as multimodal model, it infers textual representations of semantic concepts in images. We demonstrate that our model is competitive with a zero-shot topic model in predicting topic distributions for comparable multilingual data and significantly outperforms a zero-shot model in predicting topic distributions for comparable texts and images. We also show that our model performs almost as well on unaligned embeddings as it does on aligned embeddings.Peer reviewe

Population Pressure and Migration: Implications for Upland Development in the Philippines

This paper is based largely on the integrated summary report entitled “Population Pressure and Migration: Implications for Upland Development,” PIDS Working Paper 86-02. It discusses the role of population pressure and migration in Philippine upland development. It employs three levels of analysis using combined macro and micro data: identification of upland sites using topographic maps and serial photographs, identification of major migration streams and analysis of upland migration from the perspective of micro, village-level information.population and family relation, uplands, migration

Population Pressure and Migration: Implications for Upland Development in the Philippines

This paper is based largely on the integrated summary report entitled “Population Pressure and Migration: Implications for Upland Development,” PIDS Working Paper 86-02. It discusses the role of population pressure and migration in Philippine upland development. It employs three levels of analysis using combined macro and micro data: identification of upland sites using topographic maps and serial photographs, identification of major migration streams and analysis of upland migration from the perspective of micro, village-level information.population and family relation, uplands, migration

Childhood in Exile: The Agency of Second-Generation Exiles Seeking Refuge from Apartheid

This paper is based on a retrospective study of children who were born in exile and/or spent their formative years in exile during apartheid. It is based on 21 in-depth interviews with men and women who spent their childhoods in an average of three different countries in North America, Western Europe, the Nordic region, Eastern Europe, West Africa, and East Africa as second-generation exiles during apartheid. This article will argue that the interplay of structure and agency in the lives of second-generation exiles in the process of migration and in the transitory spaces that they occupied should be explored. Second-generation exile children devised a range of strategies in order to challenge or cope with constantly shifting contexts characterized by inequalities, social exclusion, violence, and political uncertainty.Cet article s’appuie sur une étude rétrospective d’enfants nés en exil ou qui ont passé leurs premières années en exil durant l’apartheid. L’étude est basée sur 21 entrevues en profondeur avec des hommes et des femmes qui ont passé leur enfance comme des exilés de deuxième génération au cours de l’apartheid dans une moyenne de trois pays dif- férents en Amérique du Nord, Europe occidentale, région nordique, Europe de l’Est, Afrique de l’Ouest et Afrique de l’Est. Cet article fait valoir que l’interaction de la structure et de l’entremise dans la vie des exilés de seconde génération en voie de migration et dans les espaces transitoires qu’ils occupaient devrait être explorée. Les enfants exilés de deuxième génération ont mis au point une gamme de stratégies en vue de contester ou d’affronter des contextes en constante mutation, caractérisé par des inégalités, l’exclusion sociale, la violence et l’incertitude politique

Grounded and Well-rounded: A Methodological Approach to the Study of Cross-modal and Cross-lingual Grounding

Grounding has been argued to be a crucial component towards the development of more complete and truly semantically competent artificial intelligence systems. Literature has divided into two camps: While some argue that grounding allows for qualitatively different generalizations, others believe it can be compensated by mono-modal data quantity. Limited empirical evidence has emerged for or against either position, which we argue is due to the methodological challenges that come with studying grounding and its effects on NLP systems. In this paper, we establish a methodological framework for studying what the effects are - if any - of providing models with richer input sources than text-only. The crux of it lies in the construction of comparable samples of populations of models trained on different input modalities, so that we can tease apart the qualitative effects of different input sources from quantifiable model performances. Experiments using this framework reveal qualitative differences in model behavior between cross-modally grounded, cross-lingually grounded, and ungrounded models, which we measure both at a global dataset level as well as for specific word representations, depending on how concrete their semantics is.Comment: accepted to Findings of EMNLP 202