The prognostic impact of local recurrence on early breast cancer patients treated with breast conserving therapy

OBJETIVO: investigar o impacto da recorrência local no prognóstico de pacientes com câncer de mama em estágio inicial tratado com cirurgia conservadora. MÉTODO: foi realizado estudo de coorte retrospectivo incluindo 192 pacientes com câncer de mama em estágio inicial submetidas a tratamento conservador. Utilizando critérios clínicos e patológicos (tempo para recorrência, local da recorrência e tipo histológico) classificamos as pacientes em três grupos. O grupo de recorrência local verdadeira (RLV), o grupo de novo tumor primário (NP) e o grupo livre de recorrência local (LRL). Foi comparada a evolução entre os diferentes grupos. RESULTADOS: menor idade e uma maior proporção de pacientes na pré-menopausa foram observas no grupo NP. A presença de RLV foi o mais importante fator prognóstico sendo que 40% das pacientes deste grupo desenvolveram doença metastática sincrônica à recorrência local. Doença metastática ocorreu em 28,5% e 4,7% nos grupos NP e LRL, respectivamente (p< 0,0001). A taxa de sobrevida global em cinco anos foi de 75% no grupo RLV, 100% no grupo NP e 98,2% no grupo LRL (p< 0,0001). Tipo histológico, margens cirúrgicas, metástase em linfonodos axilares e expressão de receptores hormonais não foram preditores de recorrência local. Pacientes que não foram submetidas a hormonioterapia adjuvante e a idade foram os mais importantes fatores preditores de recorrência local. CONCLUSÃO: recorrência local verdadeira é um fator prognóstico em pacientes com câncer de mama inicial tratado com cirurgia conservadora. A idade é o mais importante fator na recorrência local neste grupo de pacientes. O alto risco recorrência local nestas pacientes é um fator limitante da cirurgia conservadora.BACKGROUND: In order to investigate the impact of local recurrence on breast cancer patient prognosis, we developed this study. METHOD: A retrospective cohort study including 192 patients with early stage breast cancer subjected to breast conserving surgery (BCT) was performed to evaluate the local recurrence pattern and its role on disease progression. Using clinical and pathological criteria (time for recurrence, site of local recurrence and histological type) we classified patients as true local recurrence (TR group), new primary tumor (NP group), and patients free of local recurrence (FLR group). We compared the clinical course among these groups. RESULTS: Patients classified as NP are associated with young age and pre-menopausal status. The presence of TR is the most important predictive factor of prognosis and 40% of patients presented synchronic metastatic disease. The metastatic disease occurred in 28.5% and 4.7% of patients in the NP and FLR groups, respectively (p< 0.0001). Five-year overall survival rate was 75% in the TR group, 100% in the NP group and 98.2% in the FLR group (p< 0.0001). The Histological type and grade, margins status, lymph node metastasis and hormonal receptors were not predictive factors of local recurrence. Patients who were not submitted to hormonal therapy and young age are the most important predictive factors of local recurrence. CONCLUSION: True local recurrence had an influence on overall survival in patients with early breast cancer and the main risk factor for local recurrence was young age. The high-risk incidence for recurrence after BCT in such patients is a limiting factor of therapy

Impacto prognóstico da recorrência local em pacientes com câncer inicial de mama submetidas a tratamento conservador

OBJETIVO: investigar o impacto da recorrência local no prognóstico de pacientes com câncer de mama em estágio inicial tratado com cirurgia conservadora. MÉTODO: foi realizado estudo de coorte retrospectivo incluindo 192 pacientes com câncer de mama em estágio inicial submetidas a tratamento conservador. Utilizando critérios clínicos e patológicos (tempo para recorrência, local da recorrência e tipo histológico) classificamos as pacientes em três grupos. O grupo de recorrência local verdadeira (RLV), o grupo de novo tumor primário (NP) e o grupo livre de recorrência local (LRL). Foi comparada a evolução entre os diferentes grupos. RESULTADOS: menor idade e uma maior proporção de pacientes na pré-menopausa foram observas no grupo NP. A presença de RLV foi o mais importante fator prognóstico sendo que 40% das pacientes deste grupo desenvolveram doença metastática sincrônica à recorrência local. Doença metastática ocorreu em 28,5% e 4,7% nos grupos NP e LRL, respectivamente (p< 0,0001). A taxa de sobrevida global em cinco anos foi de 75% no grupo RLV, 100% no grupo NP e 98,2% no grupo LRL (p< 0,0001). Tipo histológico, margens cirúrgicas, metástase em linfonodos axilares e expressão de receptores hormonais não foram preditores de recorrência local. Pacientes que não foram submetidas a hormonioterapia adjuvante e a idade foram os mais importantes fatores preditores de recorrência local. CONCLUSÃO: recorrência local verdadeira é um fator prognóstico em pacientes com câncer de mama inicial tratado com cirurgia conservadora. A idade é o mais importante fator na recorrência local neste grupo de pacientes. O alto risco recorrência local nestas pacientes é um fator limitante da cirurgia conservadora

Impact of Surgical Staging in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer and Subsequent Chemotherapy

Background: Surgical staging (SS) is the gold standard for determination of the true extent of a patient`s disease and is an important prognostic factor in cervical cancer. We investigated whether lymph node dissection (LND) prior to chemotherapy (CT) followed by radical surgery (RS) could modified overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Methods: We performed a cohort analysis of 98 patients with cervical carcinoma. The experimental group consisted of 36 patients who underwent SS followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and then by RS (objective response) or chemo-radiation therapy (with or without subsequent surgery when not possible). The control group consisted of 62 similarly treated patients without pretreatment SS. The value of this procedure as a diagnostic tool in defining the extent of disease was evaluated. Furthermore, LND/CT-associated treatment complications and the impacts on OS and DFS were also evaluated. Results: Fourteen (38.9%) patients had pelvic LN metastases and three (8.3%) patients had pelvic and para-aortic LN metastases. The 39-month OS and DFS rates for the current study were 90.6% for the staged group and 52% for non-staged treatment (P < 0.001). Conclusion: SS in cervical cancer is a feasible and safe pretreatment procedure, and when associated with CT, it improves OS and DFS. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:505-510. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc

Safety and efficacy of gemcitabine plus cisplatin combination in pretreated metastatic breast cancer patients

Metastatic breast cancers (MBC) previously treated with anthracyclines (A) and taxanes (T) have a complicated management. Gemcitabine (G)-cisplatin (C) combinations have been used as synergistic salvage therapy in MBC and are considered as another option for patients with important symptoms and aggressive visceral disease. We analyzed the safety and efficacy of GC in AT-pretreated MBC, as well as overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP). Forty-nine subjects received IV G 750 mg/m(2) and C 30 mg/m(2), both d1 and d8 every 3 weeks. Response evaluation was performed every second cycle and in the end of treatment. GC protocol was the first-line palliative chemotherapy in half of the cases, and median number of cycles/patient were 4(2-12). Lung (75.5%) was the most frequent site of metastasis. Most of the patients related clinical improvement with chemotherapy with minimal/mild tolerable collateral effects in 85.7% of cases. Following 34 months, mean OS/TTP was 13.12/6.6 months. Objective-responded patients (40.3%) were statistically associated with the improvement in symptoms after CT (P &lt; 0.01), and OS was directly correlated with chemotherapy response (P &lt; 0.01). HER-2 overexpression was a prognostic factor with reduced OS (P = 0.01). GC protocol was effective and tolerable in objective-responded patients