Long-Range triplet Josephson Current Modulated by the Interface Magnetization Texture

We have investigated the Josephson coupling between two s-wave superconductors separated by the ferromagnetic trilayers with noncollinear magnetization. We find that the long-range triplet critical current will oscillate with the strength of the exchange field and the thickness of the interface layer, when the interface magnetizations are orthogonal to the central magnetization. This feature is induced by the spatial oscillations of the spin-triplet state |\uparrow\downarrow>+|\downarrow\uparrow> in the interface layer. Moreover, the critical current can exhibit a characteristic nonmonotonic behavior, when the misalignment angle between interface magnetization and central ferromagnet increases from 0 to \pi/2. This peculiar behavior will take place under the condition that the original state of the junction with the parallel magnetizations is the \pi state

Cultural realism : strategic culture and grand strategy in Chinese history. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. (Johnston, Alastair Iain)

從事戰略文化研究的學者相信，戰略除了是一個現實政治的課題，也是一 個文化的課題。二千多年來，戰略深深地植根於人類的文化傳統中，受到意識 形態、價值體系等種種文化要素的薰陶，而其本身也變成了文化傳統的一部分。 基於戰略行為受到文化要素的影響，戰略取向亦早已成為文化傳統的一部分， 戰略決策不可能完全理性，祇能在特定的文化背景被認為理性。對於某個民族 來說是完全理性的行為，對於具有不同文明背景的對手來說可能是愚不可及， 或完全無法理解的瘋狂行為。不同文明的接觸激化戰略思維中價值體系的互動， 也成為戰略文化硏究的理想素材。冷戰時期成為戰略文化研究的溫床，學者相 信美國和蘇聯的戰略取向都各自受到本身文化價值所影響，形成鮮明對比。例 如蘇聯的戰爭方式偏好於先制攻擊|而美國在運用武力時則懷有十字軍的情意 結。至於中國的戰略文化，則被形容為政治對武力的維制，企圈以盡量微量的 軍事力量解決衝突。近十年來，學者在歷史上找到更多素材加以研究，尤其是 分析不同文明和價值體系接觸的時候產生具爭議性，或看似非理性的行徑，運 用戰略文化角度來觀察較能凸顯歷史和文化的特質。至於研究的角度也深化到 討論不同文化對暴力的不同制約，社會規範對軍事力量的模塑，和意識形態對 戰略取向的界定等問題

Ensembled CTR Prediction via Knowledge Distillation

Recently, deep learning-based models have been widely studied for click-through rate (CTR) prediction and lead to improved prediction accuracy in many industrial applications. However, current research focuses primarily on building complex network architectures to better capture sophisticated feature interactions and dynamic user behaviors. The increased model complexity may slow down online inference and hinder its adoption in real-time applications. Instead, our work targets at a new model training strategy based on knowledge distillation (KD). KD is a teacher-student learning framework to transfer knowledge learned from a teacher model to a student model. The KD strategy not only allows us to simplify the student model as a vanilla DNN model but also achieves significant accuracy improvements over the state-of-the-art teacher models. The benefits thus motivate us to further explore the use of a powerful ensemble of teachers for more accurate student model training. We also propose some novel techniques to facilitate ensembled CTR prediction, including teacher gating and early stopping by distillation loss. We conduct comprehensive experiments against 12 existing models and across three industrial datasets. Both offline and online A/B testing results show the effectiveness of our KD-based training strategy.Comment: Published in CIKM'202

Health related quality of life measured by SF-36: a population-based study in Shanghai, China

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Health related quality of life (HRQL) is a research topic that has attracted increasing interests around the world over the past two decades. The 36-item Short Form (SF-36) is a commonly used instrument for measuring HRQL. However, the information on Chinese adults' quality of life is limited. This paper reports on the feasibility of using the Mandarin version of SF-36 to evaluate HRQL in the population of Shanghai, China.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 1034 subjects were randomly sampled using a stratified multiple-stage sampling method in Shanghai. Demographic information was collected, and SF-36 was used to measure HRQL.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Internal reliability coefficients were greater than 0.7 in six of the eight SF-36 dimensions, except social function and mental health. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.689 to 0.972. Split-half reliability coefficients were higher than 0.9 in five SF-36 dimensions. Validity was assessed by factor analysis and correlation analysis. Our results were basically in accordance with the theoretical construction of SF-36. The average scores of most SF-36 dimensions were higher than 80. The primary influencing risk factors of HRQL included chronic diseases, age, frequency of activities, and geographical region, which were identified using multivariate stepwise regression.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Overall, HRQL in the population of Shanghai is quite good. The Mandarin version of SF-36 is a valid and reliable tool for assessing HRQL.</p

A population-based survey of the epidemiology of symptom-defined gastroesophageal reflux disease: the Systematic Investigation of Gastrointestinal Diseases in China

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has yet to be investigated using the symptomatic threshold criteria recommended by the Montreal Definition. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of symptom-defined GERD across five regions of China, and to investigate variables associated with GERD.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A representative sample of 18 000 adults (aged 18-80 years) were selected equally from rural and urban areas in each region (n = 1800). According to the Montreal Definition, GERD is present when mild symptoms of heartburn and/or regurgitation occur on ≥2 days a week, or moderate-to-severe symptoms of heartburn and/or regurgitation occur on ≥1 day a week.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In total, 16 091 participants completed the survey (response rate: 89.4%) and 16 078 responses were suitable for analysis. Applying the Montreal criteria, the prevalence of symptom-defined GERD was 3.1% and varied significantly (<it>p </it>< 0.001) among the five regions (from 1.7% in Guangzhou to 5.1% in Wuhan) and between rural and urban populations (3.8% vs 2.4%). Factors significantly associated with GERD included living in a rural area and a family history of gastrointestinal diseases.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This population-based survey found that the prevalence of symptom-defined GERD in China was 3.1%, which is lower than that found in Western countries.</p

Effect of the Slit on the Mechanical Tearing Behavior of High-Density Polyethylene and Polyester Geocell Strips

Geocells are widely applied in numerous infrastructure constructions, like heavy-haul railways and ports. The mechanical tearing behavior of a geocell strip is crucial to the stability of the geocell-reinforced soil structures. At present, extensive studies have been conducted on the tensile characteristics of geocell strips, while limited research has been performed to investigate the post-damage mechanical tearing behavior of geocell strips. Meanwhile, there is also a lack of research on the comparison of performance of strips before and after damage. In this paper, a series of trapezoidal tearing tests were performed on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyester (PET) geocell strips. The tearing test results and failure mode of trapezoidal specimens with a slit were investigated, and the effect of the slit on the strength and deformation characteristics of the specimen were discussed by introducing the “damage ratio of tearing force (RTF)” and “damage ratio of tearing displacement (RTD)”. In addition, the mechanical tearing behavior of HDPE and PET trapezoidal specimens was also compared. The test results indicated that the failure mode of HDPE and PET specimens subjected to tearing force was ductile and brittle failure. The strength and deformation characteristics of post-damage HDPE and PET trapezoidal specimens decreased. The slit had a significant impact on the tearing displacement of HDPE and PET specimens, especially the post-peak tearing displacement. The post-peak tearing displacement of HDPE was 10.99 times that of PET. The peak tearing force of the HDPE specimen without the slit was about 1.61 times that of specimen with the slit. Before local tearing, the peak tearing force of the PET specimen without the slit was about 3.27 times that of the specimen with the slit. The strength damage to the HDPE and PET geocell strips caused by the slit was 38.0%, and 69.46%. The impact of the slit on the tearing force of the PET specimen was greater than that of the HDPE, and was 1.82 times for the HDPE. This study can enhance our understanding of the mechanical tearing behavior of the geocell strip after damage and develop effective mitigation measures

Epidemiology of Functional Abdominal Bloating and Its Impact on Health Related Quality of Life: Male-Female Stratified Propensity Score Analysis in a Population Based Survey in Mainland China

<div><p>Background</p><p>The epidemiology of Functional abdominal bloating (FAB) and its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Chinese people remains unclear.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Randomised, stratified, multi-stage sampling methodology was used to select a representative sample of the general population from five cities in China (n = 16,078). All respondents completed the modified Rome II questionnaire; 20% were asked to complete the 36-item Short Form (SF-36). The associated factors of FAB were analyzed. The effects of FAB on HRQoL were estimated with gender stratification using propensity score techniques in 20% subsample.</p><p>Results</p><p>Overall, 643 individuals (4.00%) had FAB and it was more prevalent in males than in females (4.87% vs. 3.04%, <i>P</i><0.001). For males, self-reported history of dyspepsia was most strongly associated with FAB (OR = 2.78; 95% CI: 1.59, 4.72). However, the most strongly associated factor was self-reported health status for females (moderate health vs. good health: OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.96. <i>P</i> = 0.030; poor health vs. good health: OR = 5.71, 95% CI: 2.06, 15.09). Concerning HRQoL, FAB was found to be related to two domains: role limitation due to physical problems (<i>P</i> = 0.030) and bodily pain (<i>P</i><0.001) in females. While, in males, there were significant differences in multiple domains between those with and without FAB.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The prevalence of FAB in China was lower than previous reports. Males who had ever been diagnosed with dyspepsia and females who were in a poor self-reported health status were correlated with a higher prevalence of FAB. FAB affected only physical health in females, but impaired both physical and mental health in males.</p></div

Effect of FAB on health related quality of life by males and females separately, with propensity score techniques to control the confounding factors in 20% of the total respondents, a cross sectional study in five cities, china, 2007–2008 (n = 3,179).

<p>Role emotional refers to role limitations due to emotional problems; Role physical, refers to role limitations due to physical problems;</p><p>*<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01, ***<i>P</i><0.001;</p>a<p>The brief self-administered questionnaire SF-36 was used to measure health related quality of life. Item scores for each SF-36 domains were coded, summed and transformed to a scale from 0 (worst possible health state) to 100 (best possible health state).</p