Evaluation of corporate social responsibility

In article, some questions connected with the influence of business social responsibility on the development of the external and internal enterprise environment are described. Moreover, the problems connected with the assessment of corporate social responsibility are presented, types of the social reporting and indexes on social investments are examined. Relevance of the paper is connected with studying an assessment problem of corporate social responsibility of business. The author tries to analyse an assessment techniques of corporate social responsibility of the Russian enterprises and to reveal the most important directions of an assessment. Descriptive, analytical and structural methods of research are used for analysing existing practices of social responsibility of Russian companies and for identifying the parameters of the evaluation model of social responsibility. In this study, the concept of corporate social policy is given, and assessment methods of small social practices allow us to select the most effective project. For large enterprises with a developed system of social responsibility complex methods based on social reporting and index indicators are used

The Lyapunov-Malkin Theorem and Stabilization of the Unicycle with Rider

This paper analyzes stabilization of a nonholonomic system consisting of a unicycle with rider. It is shown that one can achieve stability of slow steady vertical motions by imposing a feedback control force on the rider’s limb

Improving the Analysis of T Cell Movement

Vaccine-induced T cells play an important role in combating malaria by eliminating infection in the liver stage. However, as millions of hepatocytes inhabit a mouse liver and only some are infected, how T cells locate the infection site and eliminate infection remains poorly understood. Are T cells moving intentionally toward parasites, or randomly successful? To answer this, I used timed position data of malaria-specific T cells, non-specific control T cells, and a parasite, obtained from experiments in a mouse liver; I performed analyses with the null hypothesis that T cells move randomly. I used two metrics, based on distances from the parasite and turning angles. The tests performed with these metrics did not suggest the same conclusions. Investigating this inconsistency, I calculated the probability of a cell getting closer to the parasite as viewed from the distance metric, which turned out less than the assumed 50 percent. With this discovery, I improved the null hypothesis\u27 distribution. Applying this improvement to the original tests, the distance metric\u27s test results more resembled the angle metric\u27s. This development regarding the definition of random movement gets us one step closer to accurately analyzing cell position data and understanding T cell movement

Flat Nonholonomic Matching

In this paper we extend the matching technique to a class of nonholonomic systems with symmetries. Assuming that the momentum equation defines an integrable distribution, we introduce a family of reduced systems. The method of controlled Lagrangians is then applied to these systems resulting in a smooth stabilizing controller

Controlled Lagrangian Methods and Tracking of Accelerated Motions

Matching techniques are applied to the problem of stabilization of uniformly accelerated motions of mechanical systems with symmetry. The theory is illustrated with a simple model-a wheel and pendulum system

Nonholonomic Dynamics

Nonholonomic systems are, roughly speaking, mechanical systems with constraints on their velocity that are not derivable from position constraints. They arise, for instance, in mechanical systems that have rolling contact (for example, the rolling of wheels without slipping) or certain kinds of sliding contact (such as the sliding of skates). They are a remarkable generalization of classical Lagrangian and Hamiltonian systems in which one allows position constraints only. There are some fascinating differences between nonholonomic systems and classical Hamiltonian or Lagrangian systems. Among other things: nonholonomic systems are nonvariational—they arise from the Lagrange-d’Alembert principle and not from Hamilton’s principle; while energy is preserved for nonholonomic systems, momentum is not always preserved for systems with symmetry (i.e., there is nontrivial dynamics associated with the nonholonomic generalization of Noether’s theorem); nonholonomic systems are almost Poisson but not Poisson (i.e., there is a bracket that together with the energy on the phase space defines the motion, but the bracket generally does not satisfy the Jacobi identity); and finally, unlike the Hamiltonian setting, volume may not be preserved in the phase space, leading to interesting asymptotic stability in some cases, despite energy conservation. The purpose of this article is to engage the reader’s interest by highlighting some of these differences along with some current research in the area. There has been some confusion in the literature for quite some time over issues such as the variational character of nonholonomic systems, so it is appropriate that we begin with a brief review of the history of the subject

Charge-transfer transitions and optical spectra of chromites

Specific features of charge-transfer states and charge-transfer transitions of the O2p→Cr3dtype in octahedral complexes (CrO6)9- have been considered in the cluster approximation. Reduced matrix elements of the electric-dipole moment operator on many-electron wave functions, which are the initial and final states for charge-transfer transitions, are calculated. The results are parameterized, and the relative intensities of different allowed charge-transfer transitions in the absence of mixing of different charge-transfer configurations with identical symmetry are calculated. This mixing is taken into account within the Tanabe-Sugano theory, and the true energies and intensities of many-electron charge-transfer transitions are obtained. The Coulomb interaction between 2p electrons of O 2- ligands and 3d electrons of the central Cr3+ ion in (CrO6)9- cluster is considered. The influence of this interaction on the optical spectra is found to be insignificant. Simulation of the optical spectra of chromium oxides has shown the presence of a band of complex charge-transfer transitions composed of 33 lines with a total width of about 8 eV. The model spectrum is in adequate agreement with the experimental data, which indicates limited applicability of the widespread view that charge-transfer transition spectra have a simple structure. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2013

The energy–momentum method for the stability of non-holonomic systems

In this paper we analyze the stability of relative equilibria of nonholonomic systems (that is, mechanical systems with nonintegrable constraints such as rolling constraints). In the absence of external dissipation, such systems conserve energy, but nonetheless can exhibit both neutrally stable and asymptotically stable, as well as linearly unstable relative equilibria. To carry out the stability analysis, we use a generalization of the energy-momentum method combined with the Lyapunov-Malkin theorem and the center manifold theorem. While this approach is consistent with the energy-momentum method for holonomic systems, it extends it in substantial ways. The theory is illustrated with several examples, including the the rolling disk, the roller racer, and the rattleback top

Data Analysis on the Basis of Numerals Statistics

Two approaches to content analysis of text data are suggested, both based on the statistical study of numerals occurrence in texts. The first approach is related to counting the frequency distribution of various leading digits of numerals occurring in the text. These frequencies are unequal: the digit 1 is strongly dominating; usually, the incidence of subsequent digits is monotonically decreasing. The frequencies of occurrence of the digit 1, as well as, to a lesser extent, the digits 2 and 3, are usually a characteristic author's style feature, manifested in all (sufficiently long) literary texts of any author. This approach is convenient for testing whether a group of texts has common authorship: the latter is dubious if the frequency distributions are sufficiently different. The second approach is the extension of the first one and requires the study of the frequency distribution of numerals themselves (not their leading digits). The approach yields non-trivial information about the author, stylistic and genre peculiarities of the texts and is suited for the advanced stylometric analysis. The proposed approaches are illustrated by examples of computer analysis of the literary texts in Lithuanian – by S. Daukantas, A. Baranauskas, Maironis, and J. Tumas-Vaižgantas