Non-nociceptive roles of opioids in the CNS: opioids' effects on neurogenesis, learning, memory and affect.

Mortality due to opioid use has grown to the point where, for the first time in history, opioid-related deaths exceed those caused by car accidents in many states in the United States. Changes in the prescribing of opioids for pain and the illicit use of fentanyl (and derivatives) have contributed to the current epidemic. Less known is the impact of opioids on hippocampal neurogenesis, the functional manipulation of which may improve the deleterious effects of opioid use. We provide new insights into how the dysregulation of neurogenesis by opioids can modify learning and affect, mood and emotions, processes that have been well accepted to motivate addictive behaviours

Trade for development: UN Mmillenium project, task force on trade

Report to Kofi Annan of the Task Force on Trade for the UN Millennium Development Goals ProjectThe current international trading system is stacked against developing countries, a situation that severely hampers development and ongoing attempts to eradicate poverty. Trade for Development presents the framework necessary to correct this imbalance and give developing countries greater economic growth potential and a more effective capacity to defeat poverty.Ernesto Zedillo, Patrick Messerlin, Julia Nielson, Mark Allen, Kym Anderson, Drusilla Brown, Eugenio Diaz-Bonilla, Wendy Dobson, Niall FitzGerald, Bernard Hoekman, Veena Jha, Patrick Low, Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz, Mari Pangestu, Lakshmi Puri, Harmon Thoma