The Roche problem: some analytics

Some exact analytical formulas are derived for the potential and mass ratio as a function of Lagrangian points position, in the classical Roche model of the close binary stars.Comment: aastex, 4 pp. ApJ accepte

Asleep at the wheel: the real interest rate experience in Australia

A re-thinking and clear understanding of the factors underlying a country's balance of trade position is needed as the global trade regime becomes more liberalized. The relationship between the overall trade balance and its determinants as propounded in the standard models may not necessarily be the same with the bilateral trade balances. This study has developed a model of bilateral trade balance that captures the effects of all factors influencing trade balance as suggested by elasticity, absorption, and monetary approaches and the popular Gravity Model with some extensions. Specifically, the present paper postulates that the relative factors determine the trading pattern, and hence the trade balance of a country in bilateral trade with partners while in the earlier models absolute factors determine the trade balance,. Using standard panel data techniques the model is empirically tested and the results show significant effects of all the relative factors on the bilateral trade balance of Bangladesh in trading with her partners. The robustness check of the model ensures the validity of the specification.Trade Balance, Panel Data

Peranan Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran dalam Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam di MAN 2 Langsa

Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran (MGMP) adalah wadah untuk pertemuan para guru mata pelajaran di sekolah. Organisasi tersebut dibentuk sebagai forum pertemuan para guru mata pelajaran, selaian itu juga sebagai sarana silaturrahmi serta sebagai organisasi yang menampung berbagai gagasan para guru dan juga sebagai sarana menampung berbagai permasalahan yang dihadapi guru di sekolah masing-masing. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa begitu pentingnya pembentukan MGMP di dalam mengatasi persoalan yang dihadapi oleh guru di satuan pendidikan masing-masing. Dengan melalui MGMP diharapkan guru dapat mempertahankan kualitas kinerjanya dalam menjalankan tugas sebagai guru sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat terutama dalam dunia kerja. Peran serta MGMP dalam proses peningkatan kinerja guru, dituntut untuk melakukan berbagai terobosan-terobosan yang akan membangun pendidikan berkualitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari tahu peranan MGMP dalam meningkatkan profesional guru PAI MAN 2 Langsa. Hasilnya akan menjadi pedoman dalam proses mengajar sehingga mampu menghasilkan guru-guru yang memiliki kinerja baik

Peranan MGMP Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru Tingkat MA di Kota Langsa

The Subject Teacher Conference (MGMP) is a forum for meeting subject teachers in schools. The organization was formed as a means of gathering and accommodating various ideas from teachers. This organization is also a means of accommodating various problems faced by teachers in their respective schools. The importance of establishing MGMP in overcoming problems faced by teachers in education units. Through the MGMP, it is expected that teachers can maintain the quality of their performance in carrying out their duties as teachers in accordance with the needs of the community, especially in the world of work. The role of MGMP in the process of improving teacher performance is required to make various breakthroughs that will build quality education. The purpose of this study was to explore several theories about MGMP, and their role in improving the performance of SKI MA teachers in Langsa City, containing the intention of making guidelines in the teaching process so as to be able to produce teachers who have good performance

Implementasi Program Madrasah Inovasi di MAN 2 Langsa

The innovative madrasah program is the beginning of a program that causes significant changes to take place within the establishment. For instance, the enhancement or addition of academic programs, faculty, staff, student recruitment, and all other currently existent components is an example of innovation. At MAN 2 Langsa, this program is also implemented through Adiwiyata, SRA (Child Friendly School), religious initiatives, healthy madrasas, and other venues. MAN 2 Langsa updated the curriculum to support the innovation madrasa program. Because the data acquired are in the form of words rather than statistics, the research adopts a qualitative method with case studies (case study research). The researcher himself serves as the study's instrument. By focusing on the capacity for inquiry, tracking, observation, understanding, and abstraction displayed by researchers. This study's historical context is MAN 2 Langsa because it is a prestigious madrasa that is in high demand in Langsa. Three methods were used in this study's data collection: participative observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation

Participatory Irrigation Management and its Financial Viability: A Case Study

Water is a key input of agriculture. In the past, the area under cultivation was small and there was less stress on farmers to grow more and more of each crop. Water was considered a free good. The situation has changed since. The increase in cropping intensity has led to a rise in the demand for irrigation water. Water is not a free good any more. The provision of irrigation water to the farmer’s fields is going to be costlier. The Government of Pakistan is spending heavily on the operation and maintenance of the irrigation system yet shortage of funds is a major reason for deferred maintenance, which threatens the operational integrity of the irrigation system [World Bank (1988) and Haq (1995)]. The shortfall in O&M funding was estimated to be more than 24 percent in 1993 [World Bank (1994)]. As poor O&M has direct effect on the productivity of agriculture, indirectly it affects the whole economy [Carruthers (1981)]. The allocation of funds for the increasing O&M costs is becoming a problem for the Government of Pakistan with every successive year. One logical answer to this problem is to increase abiana1 fees from the users of irrigation water supplies. The revenue collected through abiana may be used for O&M purposes, but it has been reported that the revenue collection is far less than the expenditures incurred. Resultantly the gap has been increasing every year [Chaudhry (1989)]. This situation demands investigation of abiana recovery and increasing O&M costs to know the real situation which in turn will help in deciding whether it is feasible to divert the financing of O&M activities towards farmer organisations (completely or partially). This paper aims at estimating the present level of operation and maintenance expenditures of the H-4-R Distributary and the present situation of the abiana collection and the extent of its leakage through different means.

Managing the Arsenic Disaster in Water Supply: Risk Measurement, Costs of Illness and Policy Choices for Bangladesh

Arsenic poisoning is a major public health concern in Bangladesh. This study uses primary data to examine health impacts and costs associated with arsenic contamination of groundwater. The study estimates that some 7 to 12 million person-days per year are lost as a result of arsenic exposure. In addition, individuals who are sick spend between 207 (US$3.5) million to 369 (US$ 6.25) million taka per year for medical help. The total cost of illness as a result of exposure to arsenic is Tk 557 (US$9) to Tk 994 (US$ 17) million per annum or on average nearly 0.6 percent of the annual income of affected individuals. If it is possible to provide arsenic-free (within safe limit) alternative technologies to reverse the impact of arsenic, the social gains to Bangladesh are considerable. The study also finds that the threat of Melanosis--the black spot disease—and Keratosis—roughness in palms and soles— is high when there is cumulative exposure and that this threat is not the same for all wealth classes. Richer households take mitigation measures to reduce the threat on their health. Richer households also seem to be more successful in avoiding the incidence of conjunctivitis due to Arsenicosis. Women on the other hand are more likely to be affected by inflammation of the respiratory tracts--a sign of long-term exposure without recourse to medical help

Sonolytic Oxidation of Tc(IV)O2nH2O Nanoparticles to Tc(VII)O4 in Aqueous Solution

Sonolysis of a hydrosol of TcO2nH2O was investigated in the Ar- or He- atmosphere. Colloidal TcO2nH2O nanoparticles were irradiated with a 200 kHz and 1.25 W/cm2 ultrasound. It was found that the TcO2nH2O colloids dispersed in an aqueous solution (under Ar or He atmosphere) was completely dissolved by ultrasonic irradiation (200 kHz, 200 W). The original brownish black color of the suspension slowly disappeared leaving behind a colorless solution. This change suggests that oxidation of Tc(IV) to Tc(VII) takes place. The oxidation was almost complete during 30 minutes sonication time under argon atmosphere for initial concentration of 6.0E-5 M. Addition of t-butyl alcohol, an effective radical scavenger which readily reacts with OH radicals, supressed the dissolution of TcO2nH2O colloids. This reaction indicates that TcO2nH2O molecules are oxidized by OH radicals produced in cavitation bubbles. Received: 20 November 2009; Revised:14 April 2010; Accepted: 18 April 201

Sonolytic Oxidation of Tc(IV)O2nH2O Nanoparticles to Tc(VII)O4 in Aqueous Solution

Sonolysis of a hydrosol of TcO2nH2O was investigated in the Ar- or He- atmosphere. Colloidal TcO2nH2O nanoparticles were irradiated with a 200 kHz and 1.25 W/cm2 ultrasound. It was found that the TcO2nH2O colloids dispersed in an aqueous solution (under Ar or He atmosphere) was completely dissolved by ultrasonic irradiation (200 kHz, 200 W). The original brownish black color of the suspension slowly disappeared leaving behind a colorless solution. This change suggests that oxidation of Tc(IV) to Tc(VII) takes place. The oxidation was almost complete during 30 minutes sonication time under argon atmosphere for initial concentration of 6.0E-5 M. Addition of t-butyl alcohol, an effective radical scavenger which readily reacts with OH radicals, supressed the dissolution of TcO2nH2O colloids. This reaction indicates that TcO2nH2O molecules are oxidized by OH radicals produced in cavitation bubbles. Received: 20 November 2009; Revised:14 April 2010; Accepted: 18 April 201