Job Stress and Self- Efficacy among Psychiatric Nursing Working in Mental Health Hospitals at Cairo, Egypt

Nursing stress is considered a problem that affects the practice worldwide. Job stress is a harmful response physically and emotionally when the nurses' skills, resources, and needs could not fulfill the requirement of the job. This study was aimed to assess job stress and self- efficacy among psychiatric nursing working in mental health hospitals at Cairo, Egypt. The study was conducted in  two setting , 1st was El Abassia mental health hospital and 2nd was Institute of Psychiatry affiliated to  Ain shams university hospitals . Tools used for data collection were 1) Socio-demographic interview questionnaire sheet, 2) psychiatric Nurses Job Stress Scale (PNJSS) and 3) General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE). The main results showed that psychiatric nurses suffering from a different aspect of stress regarding psychiatric nurses ability, the attitude of patient, attitude to nursing and communication with patients and their families. Also, the result indicated that mostly of psychiatric nurses were have low self- efficacy. Furthermore, There was a statistically significant relation between stress, self -efficacy and socio demographic data of nurses under study. This study recommended that, Establish a psycho-educational program for psychiatric nurses to learn them how to cope positively with their stressors. Training programs and courses on self -efficacy would help the psychiatric nurse to enhance their stress bearing capacity and also improve their work performance. Keywords: Job Stress, Self- Efficacy, Psychiatric Nursin

Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness among Schizophrenic Patients and Their Families (Comparative Study)

This study was a comparative study aiming to assess the extent of internalized stigma of mental illness among patients with schizophrenia& Identify stigma as perceived by family members caring schizophrenic patients. The study was conducted in two settings 1st clinic was outpatient clinic for psychiatric patient affiliated to Abbasia hospitals which provided care for all sectors in Egyptians community.2nd clinic was out patients clinic  for psychiatric patient affiliated to Abha psychiatric hospitals which providing care for all psychiatric patients at Asser region. 4 instruments were used for collecting the data, interviewing questionnaire, Insight scale, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale and Stigma Impact Scale: Caregiver (SIS) .The main result revealed that, there were    highly statistically significant differences between patients regarding level of internalizing stigma and the most of family caregivers in both group have moderate impact of internalizing stigma. The     study   recommended that further research to assess impact of mental illness stigma upon schizophrenic quality of life. Keywords: stigma – mental illness - perceived discrimination –devaluation - Internalized stigm

Relation Ship between Assertiveness , Psychological Well-Being, with Self Efficacy Among First Year Student Female Nurse

This study was a descriptive, correlation    study aiming   to  explore the relation between these dimensions of assertiveness , student nurse ’psychological well-being and self efficacy  while controlling for sex. The study was conducted in faculty of nursing ,Ain Shams university on 150   female student nurse .three tools instrument were used for collecting the data:  assertive behavior in nurses questionnaire, General Self-Efficacy Scale and General Health Questionnaire. The   main result revealed that the was a significant  correlation  among assertiveness, self efficacy  and psychological wellbeing .the present study recommend that   Implementing counseling services at faculty to help student to cope with academic, social and  Emotional stressors Keywords: assertiveness- self efficacy – psychological wellbeing – student nurs

Impact of Psycho- Educational Training Program on Practice, Stress and Coping Strategies of Parents Having Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) is a developmental condition that involves problems with inattention and hyperactivity- impulsivity inconsistent with the age of the child.. The affected child often has difficulty learning, giving rise to special educational needs that, combined with poor peer and family relationship. In fact, having a child with ADHD is correlated with significant increases in the amount of parent stress that is experienced.Parents  of  children  with  ADHD  also  report  less  helpful  social  support  and  having fewer  outside  resources  may increase the family burden of effectively overcoming the child’s disruptive behaviors. Therefore,  parents'  psycho-education programs must be carried out in groups to help children as well as their parents how to deal with their difficulties. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of psycho-educational training program on practice, stress and coping strategies of parents having  children with ADHD.Quasi-experimental design was selected for this study. Subjects were consists of (80) parents and their children with ADHD attended the out- patient clinic for child with ADHD at El Abassia mental healthhospital.The results denoted that there was a significant improvement in  parent knowledge & practice as wellas were significant decrease in the stress levelafter pogrom implementation andthere was a siginificant differenceregarding coping strategies before and after programimplementation.So the study recommended that more education for health care professionals in particular is needed to enable appropriate guidance for parents about the best available treatment for this disorder so that outcomes for children with ADHD may be enhanced. Keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders, Psychological Intervention, Training Program, Parents, Children, Coping Strategie

Improving Coping Abilities among Caregivers of Patients with Cerebrovascular Stroke

Cerebrovascular stroke is a condition that affects both patients and family members who provide care and support. Because stroke is an unexpected traumatic event that suddenly forces family members into a care giving role, and experience an overwhelming sense of burden, the present study was conducted to assess the perceived stress and stressors facing caregivers of patients with cerebrovascular stroke, their burden, patterns of caring themselves ,their coping abilities  and designing and implementing nursing intervention program for improving caregivers' coping abilities toward their stressors and burden. The study was carried out at the Outpatient Clinic of Neuropsychiaty in Ain Shams University Hospitals. The sample included 50 caregivers of patients with cerebrovascular stroke. Tools used for data collection were 1) Questionnaire dealing with socio-demographic characteristics, general health condition of caregivers, physical, economical, psychological and social stressors facing them and their awareness toward patterns of caring themselves. 2) Perceived Stress Scale to measure the caregivers' perception of stress 3) Burden Interview Questionnaire which indicates how often the caregivers feel toward caring their patients 4) Assessment dependence level questionnaire to assess ADL and IADL of patient. 5) Coping Inventory to assess caregivers' coping abilities. The main results showed that the nursing intervention program was effective in improving caregivers' coping abilities toward their perceived stress and burden. This study recommended that, caregivers-focused intervention programs should be provided for family caregivers emphasizing on, assertive training to deal with burden of care giving based on caregivers' actual needs' assessment and awareness programs are needed about self care and stress management techniques for improving their coping abilities with their stressors and burden of care giving. Keywords: Caregivers, Cerebrovascular Stroke, Coping abilities, Nursing interventio

The Effect of Mental Health Promotion Program on Psychosocial Adjustment Patterns of Secondary School Students

Mental health is a state of wellbeing in which a person can use his or her own abilities and cope with the normal stresses of life. This study aimed to assess the effect of mental health promotion program for secondary school students on their psychosocial adjustment patterns. This study design was a quasi-experimental, conducted at El Mostakbal Integrated Experimental Language School. The study involved 60 secondary school students, divided into two groups each group consisted of 30 secondary school students. Tools of the study involved, 1) An interview questionnaire to assess socio-demographic characteristics, student's knowledge regarding mental health, students` perception about healthy living and their  psychosocial  adjustment patterns in their daily life, 2) Tennessee of Adolescents' Scale to measure the level of student's self-concept, 3) Self-Consciousness Scale to measure the level of student's self awareness and 4) Anger Scale to measure anger state and anger trait among students. These tools were used before and after implementation of the program. The main results showed that, the Implementation of  mental health promotion program for secondary school students had a positive effect on promoting students` mental health concepts  and  psychosocial adjustment pattern. There were  improvements, with highly statistically significant differences between before and after application of mental health  promotion program for secondary school students regarding to their knowledge and perception about mental health and healthy living , level of their self–concept, self awareness, and anger state and trait, their psychosocial adjustment pattern in their daily life. This study recommended that there is a need for developing and implementing  continuous mental health promotion programs for secondary school students to acquire psychosocial skills, empower their personality and promote their psychosocial adjustment abilities and positive behaviors that enable them to deal effectively with the demands, challenges, and stress of everyday life. Also, there is a need for increasing school students' awareness especially at adolescent's stages about aspects of healthy lifestyle through mass media Keywords: Mental health, promotion program, secondary school and psychosocial adjustmen

ENHANCED ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF STREPTOMYCES GRISEOPLANUS L-ASPARGINASE VIA ITS INCORPORATION IN AN OIL-BASED NANOCARRIER

Objective: L-asparaginase (L-asp) is a vital enzyme used as a therapeutic agent in combination with other drugs in the treatment of acute lymphoma, melanosarcoma and lymphocytic leukemia. Immobilization of enzymes through loading on nanoemulsion (NE) results in some advantages such as enhancing their stability and increasing their resistance to proteases. Aim of the present study is to formulate L-asp loaded nanoemulsion to enhance its efficiency and thermal stability. Methods: Nanoemulsion loaded with L-asp crude extract (specific activity 13.23U/mg protein) was prepared employing oleic acid as oil, tween 20/tween 80 as surfactants and propylene glycol (PG) as co-surfactant. L-asp loaded NE underwent several thermodynamic stability studies and the optimized formulae were further examined for their biochemical properties and thermal stability. Results The developed formulations were spherical in shape and their sizes were in the nanometric dimensions with negatively charged zeta potential values. Upon comparing the enzyme activity of L-asp loaded NE employing tween 20 (F1) or tween80 (F4) at different concentrations, the results revealed that F4 NE showed higher enzymatic activity [323 U/ml] compared to F1 NE [197 U/ml] at the same concentration. The nanosized immobilized L-asp was more stable in the pH range from 8 to 8.5 as compared to free L-asp. The immobilized enzyme preserved about 59.11% of its residual activity at 50 °C; while free L-asp preserved about 33.84%. Conclusion: In the view of these results, NE composed of oleic acid, tween 80 and PG represents a promising dosage form for enhancing the activity and stability of Streptomyces griseoplanus L-asp

Fraudulence Risk Strategic Assessment of Processed Meat Products

 A total of 450 samples of different meat products (luncheon chicken, luncheon meat, sausage, beef burger, minced meat, and kofta) were examined. Fifty samples of each type of product were collected from different supermarkets in Assiut City. All of the samples were analysed by different microscopy techniques (light, fluorescence, histochemical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) for the detection of meat adulteration. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used for general histological examinations. Different histochemical techniques were used to stain paraffinised sections. The adulterated tissues detected were the nuchal ligament, large elastic blood vessels, muscular artery, elastic fibers, lung, cardiac muscle fibers, tendon, spongy bone, bone of immature animals, adipose tissue, cartilage (hyaline and white fibrocartilage), and smooth muscle of visceral organs. SEM detected contamination of the minced meat by bacteria and yeast. Fluorescence microscopy was used as an effective method for the detection of bone and cartilage. Interestingly, the stained acidophilic cytoplasm of skeletal muscle changed to basophilic, and the skeletal muscle was suspected to be diseased. The findings of the present work provide qualitative evaluations of the detection of unauthorised tissues in different meat products using different effective histological techniques

Molecular identification of adenoviruses associated with respiratory infection in Egypt from 2003 to 2010.

BACKGROUND: Human adenoviruses of species B, C, and E (HAdV-B, -C, -E) are frequent causative agents of acute respiratory infections worldwide. As part of a surveillance program aimed at identifying the etiology of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Egypt, we characterized 105 adenovirus isolates from clinical samples collected between 2003 and 2010. METHODS: Identification of the isolates as HAdV was accomplished by an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and confirmed by a set of species and type specific polymerase chain reactions (PCR). RESULTS: Of the 105 isolates, 42% were identified as belonging to HAdV-B, 60% as HAdV-C, and 1% as HAdV-E. We identified a total of six co-infections by PCR, of which five were HAdV-B/HAdV-C co-infections, and one was a co-infection of two HAdV-C types: HAdV-5/HAdV-6. Molecular typing by PCR enabled the identification of eight genotypes of human adenoviruses; HAdV-3 (n = 22), HAdV-7 (n = 14), HAdV-11 (n = 8), HAdV-1 (n = 22), HAdV-2 (20), HAdV-5 (n = 15), HAdV-6 (n = 3) and HAdV-4 (n = 1). The most abundant species in the characterized collection of isolates was HAdV-C, which is concordant with existing data for worldwide epidemiology of HAdV respiratory infections. CONCLUSIONS: We identified three species, HAdV-B, -C and -E, among patients with ILI over the course of 7 years in Egypt, with at least eight diverse types circulating