Séroprévalence de la cysticercose et facteurs de risque associés chez un groupe de patients vus au Centre Hospitalier Régional de Référence d’Antsirabe, Madagascar

Introduction: A Madagascar, la cysticercose, maladie causée par la forme larvaire de Taenia solium, demeure un problème de santé publique. En 2003, la séroprévalence de la cysticercose variait entre 7% et 21% avec un taux plus élevé dans les régions centrales de l’île. Toutefois, depuis une dizaine d’année, les données épidémiologiques concernant la cysticercose humaine restent limitées. Notre étude a pour objectif de déterminer, chez les patients issus de la région de Vakinankaratra et qui sont suspects cliniquement, la séroprévalence de la cysticercose par Western blot ainsi que les facteurs de risque associés. Méthodes: Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive transversale menée sur une période de 6 mois au sein du Centre Hospitalier Régional de Référence d’Antsirabe. Tous les patients inclus dans l’étude ont répondu à un questionnaire clinique recueillant leurs caractéristiques sociodémographiques et culturelles ainsi que leurs habitudes alimentaires et leurs symptômes cliniques. Résultats: La séroprévalence de la cysticercose retrouvée dans la population d’étude était de 14,8% (35/237). Ce taux ne diffère pas significativement selon le sexe, l’âge, la consommation de viande de porc ou le mode de préparation de la viande (p > 0,05). Par contre, une différence significative (p < 0,05) a été observée chez les sujets présentant des nodules sous-cutanés ou un résultat de cysticercose antérieur positif. Conclusion: L’index élevé d’exposition à Taenia solium retrouvé dans notre étude justifie le renforcement des mesures de contrôle et de prévention déjà implantés dans le pays

Onychomycosis: experience of the laboratory of parasitology-mycology of CHU-Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Introduction: onychomycosis is defined as a fungal infection of the nails. They represent the main cause of onychopathy. They constitute a public health problem because of their increased prevalence in the world ranging between 20 to 30%. However, they remain under documented in Madagascar. This study was conducted in order to determine the mycological profile of onychomycosis diagnosed in the Parasitology Mycology laboratory of CHU-JRA. Methods: a descriptive retrospective study was taken over a 13-year period from June 2005 to December 2018. The data presenting onychomycosis on the mycological outcome register were included in the study. Results showing the presence of fungi on direct examination and / or culture were considered positive. Results: during the study period, a prevalence of 17.75% (180/1014) was observed. The age of our patients ranged from 3 to 76 years. Women were the most affected in 68.34% (n = 123) with a sex ratio of 0.46. Onychomycosis was localized in 64.65% of the fingers (n = 128). Simultaneous involvement of the hands and feet was found in 10% of the cases (n = 18). Candida albicans (C. albicans) was the most isolated in 33.03% (n = 71) of cases, followed by other species of Candida (24.65%, n = 53) and Trichophyton spp (9.3%, n=17). Mixed infections associating dermatophytes, Yeasts and molds were found in 23.33% (n = 42) of the cases. Conclusion: this is the first investigation dealing with onychomycosis in Madagascar. These data may be useful for future research and in the development of preventive and educational strategies

Intestinal Giardiasis at UPFR Parasitology-Mycology of CHU-JRA Antananarivo, Madagascar

Introduction: Giardiasis is an intestinal parasitosis extremely widespread in the world but under-diagnosed in Madagascar. It is often asymptomatic. It can be fatal due to intestinal malabsorption syndrome. This study was conducted to determine the epidemiological-clinical aspect of giardiasis in Antananarivo and to determine the relevance of prescribing the KAOP stool examination for its diagnosis.Materials and methods: We report the results of a retrospective study of 2154 KAOP stool examinations performed at the Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory of the CHU-JRA over a 13-year period from June 2005 to June 2018. Results. The positivity rate for intestinal parasitosis was 58.36% or 1257 out of 2154 files examined. We found a prevalence of 1.76% (38/2154) of all claims and a frequency of 3.2% (38/1257) compared to other parasitoses. We found a female predominance with a sex ratio of 0.8.  The average age was 20.46 years, of which 39.47%  (15/38) were under 10 years of age.  Abdominal pain were the main reasons for requesting tests. Only the cystic form of Giardia duodenalis was found, of which 28.95% (11 cases) were isolated and 71.05% (27) were associated with one or more parasites. Conclusion:  Giardiasis is a parasitosis with a harmful effect on children. It is still under-diagnosed in Madagascar. Compliance with the prescription of 3 successive stool examinations allows a diagnosis of certainty

Vulvo-Vaginal Candidiasis in the Laboratory of Parasitology -Mycology of UHC-JRA Antananarivo Madagascar

Vulvo-vaginal candidiasis is a cosmopolitan infection caused by Candida spp. His diagnosis is mainly clinical, but the mycological examination confirms the species in question. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of vulvo-vaginal candidiasis in patients who came to the Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory of the University Hospital Center Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona (UHC- JRA) in Antananarivo -Madagascar for a mycological examination of vaginal specimens.This is a retrospective descriptive study carried out in the Parasitology-Mycology laboratory of the UHC-JRA in Antananarivo from 2005 to 2018. The sociodemographic, clinical and biological information were collected using a register of patients. The specimen were directly inoculated on Sabouraud Dextrose Media and identified by direct examination and filamentation test. We have no result of antifungals susceptibility test because of the lack of discs.During the period of study, 1014 patients were collected. Among them, 132 patients had vulvo-vaginal candidiasis (13.02 %). The age between 21 to 30 years old was the most affected (35.6%) by this infection. The average age was 33.61 years old. Leucorrhoea was found in 33.33% of cases. This last was frequently whitish and most often whitish and scanty. Candida albicans is the prevalent germs in 56.82% and Candida non albicans is encountered in 27.96%.Vulvo-vaginal candidiasis is still a major health problem because of its frequency and its impact on the health of population as premature delivery, abortion, maternofetal infection. The improvement of the technical platform allows to better pose the diagnosis and to identify the different species of Candida spp

Dermatophyte infection caused by Nannizzia gypsea: A rare case report from Madagascar

We report a rare case of dermatophyte infection of the glabrous skin (Tinea corporis) caused by Nannizzia gypsea (formerly Microsporum gypseum). A 22-year-old Malagasy female who reported close contact reportedly with cats, presented a single round lesion with a peripheral, active, squamous and pruriginous inflammatory bead. Morphologic species identification was confirmed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the genome. Specific treatment with oral loratadine and topical miconazole cream was effective. Keywords: Nannizzia gypsea, Dermatophyte infection, ITS region, Madagasca