305 research outputs found
Evolutionary in Solid State Recycling Techniques of Aluminium: A review
AbstractThis paper provides an intensive review on past and current research works in solid state recycling of aluminium and its alloys. The review relates the extrudates quality of the solid state recycled aluminium to certain aspects noted as chips preparation, reinforced materials addition, die geometry, processing parameters, and performance of miscellaneous solid state recycling techniques. Finally, concluding remarks underline challenges for aluminium recycling by the solid state and also highlight the potential future work on making the method as a promising alternative for sustainable manufacturing and hence technologically feasible for industrial implementation
Longitudinal broadening of near side jets due to parton cascade
Longitudinal broadening along direction on near side in
two-dimensional () di-hadron correlation
distribution has been studied for central Au+Au collisions at =
200 GeV, within a dynamical multi-phase transport model. It was found that the
longitudinal broadening is generated by a longitudinal flow induced by strong
parton cascade in central Au+Au collisions, in comparison with p+p collisions
at = 200 GeV. The longitudinal broadening may shed light on the
information about strongly interacting partonic matter at RHIC.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; accepted by Eur. Phys. J.
Investigation of Ultrasonic Assisted Friction Stir Spot Welding of Magnesium Alloy to Aluminum Alloy
A new welding method: ultrasonic assisted friction stir spot welding (UAFSSW) was put forward in the present study. UAFSSW was successfully applied to weld dissimilar AZ31 Mg alloy and 6061 Al alloy. Results show that for either conventional FSSW or UAFSSW, sound joints are obtained in the configuration of upper Mg alloy and lower Al alloy. Ultrasonic vibration is beneficial to the upward flow of lower aluminum alloy, the increase of the stir zone (SZ) width and the refinement of the grains in the SZ. All cross sections of the Al–Mg joints exhibit the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMC) in the SZ. The crack of the conventional FSSW joint propagates exactly along the interface between the dissimilar materials and presents an inverted “V” morphology. After reaching the highest point of the hook defect, crack of the UAFSSW joint extends to the keyhole, leaving a portion of Mg alloy on the lower sheet. Conventional FSSW joint and UAFSSW joint show different IMC compositions at the faying interface
Recent results from parton cascade and microscopic transport
Parton cascade is a microscopic transport approach for the study of the
space-time evolution of the Quark-Gluon Plasma produced in relativistic heavy
ion collisions and its experimental manifestations. In the following, parton
cascade calculations on elliptic flow and thermalization will be discussed.
Dynamical evolution is shown to be important for the production of elliptic
flow including the scaling and the breaking of the scaling of elliptic flow.
The degree of thermalization is estimated using both an elastic parton cascade
and a radiative transport model. A longitudinal to transverse pressure ratio,
, is shown to be expected in the central cell in central
collisions. This provides information on viscous corrections to the ideal
hydrodynamical approach.Comment: Presented at Hot Quarks 2008, Estes Park, Colorado, USA, 18-23 August
200
The Vacuum System of HIRFL
AbstractThe vacuum system of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) is a large and complex system. HIRFL consists of two ECR ion sources, a sector focus cyclotron (SFC), a separate sector cyclotron (SSC) and a multi-purpose cooling storage ring system which has a main ring (CSRm) and an experiment ring (CSRe). Several beam lines connect these accelerators together and transfer various heavy ion beams to more than 10 experiment terminals. According to the requirements of the ion acceleration and ion lifetime, the working pressure in each accelerator is different. SFC is nearly 50 years old. After upgrade, the working pressure in SFC is improved from 10-6mbar to 10-8mbar. The pressure in SSC which was built in the 1980s reaches the same level. The cooling storage ring system with a length of 500m came into operation in 2007. The average pressures in CSRm and CSRe are 5×10-12mbar and 8×10-12mbar respectively. Different designs were adopt for vacuum system of a dozen beam lines to meet specific requirement of each experiment terminal. Along with the extensive development of the heavy ion researches and applications, new accelerators of HIRFL are under construction. The vacuum system of the new machines will be designed and constructed followed the overall schedule
Ultrastrong conductive in situ composite composed of nanodiamond incoherently embedded in disordered multilayer graphene
Traditional ceramics or metals cannot simultaneously achieve ultrahigh strength and high electrical conductivity. The elemental carbon can form a variety of allotropes with entirely different physical properties, providing versatility for tuning mechanical and electrical properties in a wide range. Here, by precisely controlling the extent of transformation of amorphous carbon into diamond within a narrow temperature–pressure range, we synthesize an in situ composite consisting of ultrafine nanodiamond homogeneously dispersed in disordered multilayer graphene with incoherent interfaces, which demonstrates a Knoop hardness of up to ~53 GPa, a compressive strength of up to ~54 GPa and an electrical conductivity of 670–1,240 S m(–1) at room temperature. With atomically resolving interface structures and molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal that amorphous carbon transforms into diamond through a nucleation process via a local rearrangement of carbon atoms and diffusion-driven growth, different from the transformation of graphite into diamond. The complex bonding between the diamond-like and graphite-like components greatly improves the mechanical properties of the composite. This superhard, ultrastrong, conductive elemental carbon composite has comprehensive properties that are superior to those of the known conductive ceramics and C/C composites. The intermediate hybridization state at the interfaces also provides insights into the amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition of carbon
Magnetic Reconnection in Extreme Astrophysical Environments
Magnetic reconnection is a basic plasma process of dramatic rearrangement of
magnetic topology, often leading to a violent release of magnetic energy. It is
important in magnetic fusion and in space and solar physics --- areas that have
so far provided the context for most of reconnection research. Importantly,
these environments consist just of electrons and ions and the dissipated energy
always stays with the plasma. In contrast, in this paper I introduce a new
direction of research, motivated by several important problems in high-energy
astrophysics --- reconnection in high energy density (HED) radiative plasmas,
where radiation pressure and radiative cooling become dominant factors in the
pressure and energy balance. I identify the key processes distinguishing HED
reconnection: special-relativistic effects; radiative effects (radiative
cooling, radiation pressure, and Compton resistivity); and, at the most extreme
end, QED effects, including pair creation. I then discuss the main
astrophysical applications --- situations with magnetar-strength fields
(exceeding the quantum critical field of about 4 x 10^13 G): giant SGR flares
and magnetically-powered central engines and jets of GRBs. Here, magnetic
energy density is so high that its dissipation heats the plasma to MeV
temperatures. Electron-positron pairs are then copiously produced, making the
reconnection layer highly collisional and dressing it in a thick pair coat that
traps radiation. The pressure is dominated by radiation and pairs. Yet,
radiation diffusion across the layer may be faster than the global Alfv\'en
transit time; then, radiative cooling governs the thermodynamics and
reconnection becomes a radiative transfer problem, greatly affected by the
ultra-strong magnetic field. This overall picture is very different from our
traditional picture of reconnection and thus represents a new frontier in
reconnection research.Comment: Accepted to Space Science Reviews (special issue on magnetic
reconnection). Article is based on an invited review talk at the
Yosemite-2010 Workshop on Magnetic Reconnection (Yosemite NP, CA, USA;
February 8-12, 2010). 30 pages, no figure
Structural changes along and above the yrast line of Dy154
States in Dy154 have been located up to I=48+ and their lifetimes measured. Marked structural changes occur along the yrast line with a transition from prolate to oblate shape, followed by an unexpected return to moderate collectivity at the highest spins. Structural changes with increasing energy above the yrast line are also observed
Phase transitions above the yrast line in 154Dy
Spectra of the E2 quasicontinuum γ rays feeding different spin regions of the 154Dy yrast line have been extracted. These are compared with corresponding theoretical spectra obtained by numerical simulations based on temperature-dependent Hartree-Fock theory, with thermal shape fluctuations. In this manner, different regions of the spin-energy plane can be examined. The results support the predictions of a smeared-out phase transition at high spin above the yrast line
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