Методы экстракорпоральной детоксикации и система гемостаза пациентов с раком яичников. Клинический случай

   Introduction. Malignant tumors dominate in the picture of disability and mortality worldwide. One of the most frequent and dangerous comorbid conditions is kidney injury. At the same time, the most unfavorable incidence of acute kidney injury is recorded in multiple myeloma, leukemia, lymphoma and kidney and/or liver cancer and malignant ovarian neoplasms. In this regard, of vital importance is the choice of tactics in the prevention of thrombosis and thromboembolic complications, as well as the individual approach to of the anticoagulant therapy regimen during renal replacement therapy sessions, depending on the underlying disease and the state of the hemostatic system.   Aim. To evaluate the effect of calcium citrate veno-venous hemodiafi ltration sessions on the hemostatic system of a patient with progressive organ dysfunctions associated with malignant ovarian neoplasm.   Materials and methods. The methodology involved literature review and a case study to assess the effect of veno-venous hemodiafi ltration on hemostasis.   Results and discussion. The clinical case was assessed in terms of P-selectin (CD62), which characterizes platelet activation processes. It should be noted that in this patient, the expression of P-selectin increased with each session of renal replacement therapy, while the platelet aggregation values remained at the level of the lower thresholds, which indicates a low probability of coagulation initiation. However, due to aggressive regulation of ovarian cancer by the hemostatic system in the form of production of inflammatory mediators, microvesicles, tissue factor expression and endothelial activation, attention should be paid to the molecular aspects of platelet activation in renal replacement therapy with regional citrate coagulation.   Conclusion. The widespread use of extracorporeal detoxification methods is an independent risk factor not only for bleeding events, but may potentially contribute to thrombosis and thromboembolic complications, which requires a further detailed study of molecular mechanisms of hemostasis regulation by tumor and clinical evaluation of various anticoagulation methods.   Введение. Злокачественные новообразования занимают лидирующую позицию в общей структуре инвалидности и смертности во всем мире. Одним из наиболее частых и грозных сопутствующих состояний является повреждение почек. При этом наиболее неблагоприятная частота развития острого повреждения почек регистрируется при множественной миеломе, лейкемии, лимфоме и раке почки и / или печени и злокачественных новообразованиях яичников. В связи с этим жизненно важным становится выбор тактики при профилактике тромбозов и тромбоэмболических осложнений, а также обеспечение индивидуального подбора режима антикоагулянтной терапии при сеансах почечно-заместительной терапии в зависимости от основного заболевания и состояния системы гемостаза.   Целью демонстрации данного клинического случая является оценка влияния сеансов кальций-цитратной вено-венозной гемодиафильтрации на показатели системы гемостаза пациентки с прогрессированием органных дисфункций, развившихся на фоне злокачественного новообразования яичников.   Материалы и методы. Анализ доступной литературы и представленного клинического случая для оценки влияния вено-венозной гемодиафильтрации на показатели системы гемостаза.   Результаты и обсуждение. В приведенном клиническом случае мы оценили экспрессию P-селектина (CD62), который характеризует процессы активации тромбоцитов. Следует отметить, что у данной пациентки с каждым сеансом заместительной почечной терапии возрастала экспрессия Р-селектина, при этом значения агрегации тромбоцитов оставались на уровне нижних пороговых показателей, что свидетельствует о низкой вероятности инициации свертывания крови. Однако, принимая во внимание факт агрессивного регулирования рака яичника системой гемостаза в виде продукции медиаторов воспаления, микровезикул, экспрессии тканевого фактора и активации эндотелия, следует обратить внимание на молекулярные аспекты активации тромбоцитов при почечно-заместительной терапии с регионарной цитратной коагуляцией.   Выводы. Таким образом, широкое распространение методов экстракорпоральной детоксикации является самостоятельным фактором риска не только развития кровотечений, но может и потенциально способствовать развитию тромбозов и тромбоэмболических осложнений, что требует детального дальнейшего изучения молекулярных механизмов регулирования системы гемостаза опухолью и клинической оценкой различных методов антикоагуляции

Worldwide Disparities in Recovery of Cardiac Testing 1 Year Into COVID-19

Background: The extent to which health care systems have adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic to provide necessary cardiac diagnostic services is unknown. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the pandemic on cardiac testing practices, volumes and types of diagnostic services, and perceived psychological stress to health care providers worldwide. Methods: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey assessing alterations from baseline in cardiovascular diagnostic care at the pandemic's onset and 1 year later. Multivariable regression was used to determine factors associated with procedure volume recovery. Results: Surveys were submitted from 669 centers in 107 countries. Worldwide reduction in cardiac procedure volumes of 64% from March 2019 to April 2020 recovered by April 2021 in high- and upper middle-income countries (recovery rates of 108% and 99%) but remained depressed in lower middle- and low-income countries (46% and 30% recovery). Although stress testing was used 12% less frequently in 2021 than in 2019, coronary computed tomographic angiography was used 14% more, a trend also seen for other advanced cardiac imaging modalities (positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance; 22%-25% increases). Pandemic-related psychological stress was estimated to have affected nearly 40% of staff, impacting patient care at 78% of sites. In multivariable regression, only lower-income status and physicians’ psychological stress were significant in predicting recovery of cardiac testing. Conclusions: Cardiac diagnostic testing has yet to recover to prepandemic levels in lower-income countries. Worldwide, the decrease in standard stress testing is offset by greater use of advanced cardiac imaging modalities. Pandemic-related psychological stress among providers is widespread and associated with poor recovery of cardiac testing

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cardiovascular Testing in Asia: The IAEA INCAPS-COVID Study

Background: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly affected management of cardiovascular disease around the world. The effect of the pandemic on volume of cardiovascular diagnostic procedures is not known. Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the effects of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular diagnostic procedures and safety practices in Asia. Methods: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey to assess changes in cardiovascular procedure volume and safety practices caused by COVID-19. Testing volumes were reported for March 2020 and April 2020 and were compared to those from March 2019. Data from 180 centers across 33 Asian countries were grouped into 4 subregions for comparison. Results: Procedure volumes decreased by 47% from March 2019 to March 2020, showing recovery from March 2020 to April 2020 in Eastern Asia, particularly in China. The majority of centers cancelled outpatient activities and increased time per study. Practice changes included implementing physical distancing and restricting visitors. Although COVID testing was not commonly performed, it was conducted in one-third of facilities in Eastern Asia. The most severe reductions in procedure volumes were observed in lower-income countries, where volumes decreased 81% from March 2019 to April 2020. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic in Asia caused significant reductions in cardiovascular diagnostic procedures, particularly in low-income countries. Further studies on effects of COVID-19 on cardiovascular outcomes and changes in care delivery are warranted

Impact of COVID-19 on the imaging diagnosis of cardiac disease in Europe

Objectives We aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac diagnostic testing and practice and to assess its impact in different regions in Europe. Methods The online survey organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency Division of Human Health collected information on changes in cardiac imaging procedural volumes between March 2019 and March/April 2020. Data were collected from 909 centres in 108 countries. Results Centres in Northern and Southern Europe were more likely to cancel all outpatient activities compared with Western and Eastern Europe. There was a greater reduction in total procedure volumes in Europe compared with the rest of the world in March 2020 (45% vs 41%, p=0.003), with a more marked reduction in Southern Europe (58%), but by April 2020 this was similar in Europe and the rest of the world (69% vs 63%, p=0.261). Regional variations were apparent between imaging modalities, but the largest reductions were in Southern Europe for nearly all modalities. In March 2020, location in Southern Europe was the only independent predictor of the reduction in procedure volume. However, in April 2020, lower gross domestic product and higher COVID-19 deaths were the only independent predictors. Conclusion The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on care of patients with cardiac disease, with substantial regional variations in Europe. This has potential long-term implications for patients and plans are required to enable the diagnosis of non-COVID- 19 conditions during the ongoing pandemic

Impact of COVID-19 on Cardiovascular Testing in the United States Versus the Rest of the World

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-U.S. institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection