Lattice-like operations and isotone projection sets

By using some lattice-like operations which constitute extensions of ones introduced by M. S. Gowda, R. Sznajder and J. Tao for self-dual cones, a new perspective is gained on the subject of isotonicity of the metric projection onto the closed convex sets. The results of this paper are wide range generalizations of some results of the authors obtained for self-dual cones. The aim of the subsequent investigations is to put into evidence some closed convex sets for which the metric projection is isotonic with respect the order relation which give rise to the above mentioned lattice-like operations. The topic is related to variational inequalities where the isotonicity of the metric projection is an important technical tool. For Euclidean sublattices this approach was considered by G. Isac and respectively by H. Nishimura and E. A. Ok.Comment: Proofs of Theorem 1 and Corollary 4 have been corrected. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1210.232

Correlation functions of small-scale fluctuations of the interplanetary magnetic field

The Interplanetary Magnetic Field shows complex spatial and temporal variations. Single spacecraft measurements reveal only a one dimensional section of this rich four dimensional phenomenon. Multi-point measurements of the four Cluster spacecraft provide a unique tool to study the spatiotemporal structure of the field. Using Cluster data we determined three dimensional correlation functions of the fluctuations. By means of the correlation function one can describe and measure field variations. Our results can be used to verify theoretical predictions, to understand the formation and nature of solar wind turbulence. We found that the correlation length varies over almost six orders of magnitude. The IMF turbulence shows significant anisotropy with two distinct populations. In certain time intervals the ratio of the three axes of the correlation ellipse is 1/2.2/6 while in the remaining time we found extremely high correlation along one axis. We found favoured directions in the orientation of the correlation ellipsoids.Comment: accepted to Solar Physics on June 14, 2010. 10 pages, 8 figure

Phenolic contents, antioxidant properties, and sensory profiles of wheat round rolls supplemented with whole grain cereals

Whole cereal flours (buckwheat, barley, and oat) and wheat bran were used to substitute 20% of white bakery wheat flour to prepare round rolls. Round roll quality was evaluated by determining total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidative capacity, the content of lipid hydroperoxides (primary oxidation products), and sensory profiling. Moreover, the stability of the phenolic compounds and antioxidant behaviour throughout processing was studied. Technological processing does not cause any significant loss of phenolics (less than 5%). A significant increase in antioxidants and phenolics of the flour mixtures and final products were observed compared to those of white wheat round rolls (as control). Buckwheat and barley round roll crumbs contained the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, and were the most effective in enhancing antioxidant activity, which increased 15-fold and 8-fold, respectively, when compared to the control roll. The tested cereals effectively retarded formation of lipid hydroperoxides (from over 50% to control), which are undesirable from both a nutrition and storage/shelf life perspective. The results of sensory analyses showed that such bakery products are accepted by consumers with the exception of the product made with oat flour, where a reduction in the oat content would be preferable