GESTALTUNGSPROBLEME DER FRONTBLENDENOBJEKTIVE

The author is deaIing with the investigation of the front stop objectives, which obtain in the last time more and more significance. Themost important applications and the characteristical foreign results were reported. The author proposes a new design method too

Common Chemical Inductors of Replication Stress: Focus on Cell-Based Studies.

DNA replication is a highly demanding process regarding the energy and material supply and must be precisely regulated, involving multiple cellular feedbacks. The slowing down or stalling of DNA synthesis and/or replication forks is referred to as replication stress (RS). Owing to the complexity and requirements of replication, a plethora of factors may interfere and challenge the genome stability, cell survival or affect the whole organism. This review outlines chemical compounds that are known inducers of RS and commonly used in laboratory research. These compounds act on replication by direct interaction with DNA causing DNA crosslinks and bulky lesions (cisplatin), chemical interference with the metabolism of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (hydroxyurea), direct inhibition of the activity of replicative DNA polymerases (aphidicolin) and interference with enzymes dealing with topological DNA stress (camptothecin, etoposide). As a variety of mechanisms can induce RS, the responses of mammalian cells also vary. Here, we review the activity and mechanism of action of these compounds based on recent knowledge, accompanied by examples of induced phenotypes, cellular readouts and commonly used doses

EIN NEUES OPTISCHES MESSGERÄT ZUR MESSUNG DER GERADHEIT LANGER BOHRUNGEN

The measurement of workpieces with long but smalldiametric cavitys (drills) is always a difficult problem. The apparatus shown in this paper has been developped for measurement of the straightness of cavitys with 5-10 mm diameter and 600-1000 mm length. The optical principle of this measuring allows to achieve the uncertainty less then ± 5 11 qm

Half-Seed Analysis for Comparing Linolenic Acid Synthesis Between High and Low Oleic Acid Sunflower Inbred Lines

The modification of fatty acid composition of two sunflowers inbred lines, HA89 and R978, low oleic acid (normal) and high oleic acid (mutant) respectively, in seeds and during the first stages of growth (A1-B2) was studied under controlled conditions. Enzymatic mechanisms have great effect on the catabolism of seed stored lipids. Temperature and oxygen regulation influence developing sunflower seeds. For simultaneous study of seed and developing seed, half-seed analysis technique was used. The behavior of the fatty acids during the germination in cotyledon of seed showed the increase of linolenic acid in both lines, demonstrating the activity of linoleic acid desaturase (\uc46-desaturase). But linoleic acid as a substrate for linoleate desaturase increased during all stages of developing only in mutant line that revealed higher activity of oleic acid desaturase (\uc412-desaturase) in transforming oleic acid to linoleic acid in this line, and lower activity of this enzyme in low oleic acid line, the reasons probably being the low availability of substrate of this enzyme in low oleic acid line and the complexity of enzymatic mechanisms. The modification of fatty acids in developing sunflower, depends not only on ambient conditions such as temperature and oxygen regulation as described by many authors, but also on the genotype. \ua9 2004, by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston. All rights reserved

Men's involvement in family planning service utilization among married men in Kondala district, western Ethiopia: a community-based comparative cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Men involvement is one of the important factors in family planning (FP) service utilization. Their limitation in the family planning program causes a decrease in service utilization as well as the discontinuation of the method which eventually leads to failure of the program. Family planning uptake is low but there is no enough study conducted on the parameters of husband involvement in Ethiopia. Hence, this study focused to assess men's involvement in family planning service utilization in Kondala district, western Ethiopia. METHODS: Community based comparative cross-sectional study design was employed in urban and rural kebeles of kondala district using quantitative and qualitative data collection tools. The multi-stage sampling method was employed to select 370 participants from each of the four urban and eight rural kebeles. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables that affect husbands' involvement in FP service utilization. Statistical significance was declared at p-value of < 0.05 with 95% confidence interval (CI) and strength of association was reported by odds ratio (OR). RESULTS: The study showed that 203(55.6%) men from urban and 178(48.8%) from rural were involved in FP service utilization. The median age of the respondents was 36+ 8.5 years (IQR: 27.5-44.5) in urban and 35 years (IQR: 25-45) in rural parts. Respondents who had four and above current children (AOR = 3.25, 95%CI = 1.51-7.02) in urban and (AOR = 4.20, 95%CI = 1.80-9.79) in rural were positively associated with men's involvement in FP service utilization. In the urban setting, being government employee (AOR = 2.58, 95%CI = 1.25-5.33), wishing less than two children (AOR = 3.08, 95%CI = 1.80-5.24) and having a better attitude towards FP methods (AOR = 1.86, 95%CI = 1.16-2.99) were positively associated with FP service utilization. While good educational background (AOR = 2.13, 95%CI = 1.02-4.44), short distance from home to health facility (AOR = 2.29, 95%CI = 1.24-4.19) and having better knowledge (AOR = 4.49, 95%CI = 2.72-7.38) were positively associated with men involvement in FP service utilization in the rural area. CONCLUSION: Low involvement of men in family planning service utilization was reported in both settings. Factors associated with husbands' involvement were varied between the two setups, except for the current number of children. Future FP program should incorporate infrastructure associated with the health facility, knowledge, and attitudinal factors

Quantitative analysis and detection of chaptalization and watering down of wine using isotope ratio mass spectrometry

In early 1990's European Union has established new isotopic approach for detection of wine authenticity. In this article we setup the possibility of using new approach using new EIM - Module - IRMS (Ethanol Isotope Measurement - Module - Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry) instrumental technique and new analytical parameter delta D-n(delta H-2(n)) wine ethanol value, which represents delta H-2 value of non-exchangeable hydrogen stable isotope ratio in ethanol, with other isotopic species (delta O-18 values in wine water) to improve detection of illegal wine production practices such as addition of sugar and/or dilution with water. Total of 42 wine samples were analyzed. 10 wine samples (out of 42) were prepared from grapes by alcoholic fermentation and analyzed for delta D-n values of ethanol. 19 wine samples (out of 42) were collected from wine producers in Serbia plus 1 wine samples designated from United States was taken from Serbian market and analyzed for delta D-n values of ethanol, delta O-18 values in wine water and also delta C-13 values in wine ethanol. Furthermore 9 wine samples (out of 42) were taken from Hungarian market and analyzed for delta D-n values of ethanol, and also 3 wine samples (out of 42) were taken from Austrian market and analyzed for delta D-n values of ethanol. All experiments were done in 4 isotope laboratories located in US, Austria, Hungary and People's Republic of China. delta D-n values of ethanol were measured by using EIM Module connected to FlashHT 2000 pyrolizer (one laboratory - Imprint Analytics GmbH, Austria), while in other 3 laboratories (US - COIL - Cornell University, Stable Isotope Laboratory, Hungary - Isotoptech Ltd, Debrecen, Hungary and China - C.N.R.I.F.F.I. - China National Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Limited) EIM Module was connected to TC/EA (High Temperature Conversion Elemental Analyzer). Peripherals in all laboratories were further interfaced with isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Furthermore delta O-18 values in wine water were measured by using Gas Bench II interfaced also with isotope ratio mass spectrometer (one laboratory - US). Obtained results from all 4 laboratories have shown that this new approach which uses delta D-n in wine ethanol is more effective in improving detection of illegal wine production practices (sugar enrichment and water dilution) and origin of ethanol, and also detecting the addition of corn or beet sugar, sugar syrup to wine, or dilution of grape must with water prior to alcoholic fermentation