Diagnostic Value of Hysterosalpingography and Laparoscopy for Tubal Patency in Infertile Women

Background: Tubal occlusion is one of the most frequent causes of infertility in women. The evaluation of the fallopian tube is necessary to determine the management plan for infertility. The two most important diagnostic procedures which are used for the evaluation of tubal patency are hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopy. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare HSG and laparoscopic findings in the diagnosis of tubal patency. Patients and Methods: In a prospective study sixty two infertile cases were examined by HSG as part of their routine infertility evaluation, three months after HSG, tubs status were assessed by laparoscopy as a gold standard method. The findings of HSG and laparoscopy were compared. The Laparoscopy findings were used as reference standard to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for unilateral and bilateral no tubal patency. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of HSG on bilateral tubal patency or no bilateral tubal patency were 92.1% and 85.7% respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 97.2% and 66.7%, and the accuracy was 91.1%. The sensitivity and specificity of HSG for evaluation of the bilateral tubal patency and unilateral or bilateral no tubal patency were 77.8% and 52.94%, the positive and negative predictive values were 81.4% and 47.4% respectively, and the accuracy was 71%. Conclusion: HSG is considered to have a high sensitivity and specificity. HSG and laparoscopy are not alternative, but are the complementary methods in the examination of no tubal patency

Encouragement and punishment and its educative position in Nahjul Balagha

One of the important issues in the field of human education is the method of punishment and encouragement. According to self-love and the innate need, human like to get attention, respect and encouraged. Method of encouragement and punishment has also been used in Imam Ali educational work. He as a perfect instructor of God in education has been considered all of its conditions and practices and has used this method through educational work in various areas of personal, social, political, economic, religious and… Nahjul Balagha is one of the most important resources that are available in this area and Imam Ali educational practices can be studied as a perfect model. Some features of this method in Nahjul Balagha are: Consistency of encouragement and punishment with the characteristics of the people, Moderation, Lack of personal grudge, convincing the individual soul...This article in terms of goal is Practical and in terms of data collection, is a desk study (Documentary).Keywords: method, education, encouragement, punishment, Nahjul Balagh

Pilates exercises and quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease

ABSTRACT Background and purpose: There is a need to investigate the effects of pilates exercises on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pilates exercises on the QOL of CKD patients. Materials and methods: For this randomized controlled clinical trial, we enrolled 50 CKD patients. The participants were randomly assigned to experimental ( n = 25) and control ( n = 25) groups. Modified classical pilates exercises were performed by the experimental group three times a week over a 12-week period. The Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF) questionnaire was completed by all participants at the beginning of the trial and two months after completion of the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using Chi-square, independent t-test, and paired t-test. Results: There were significant increases in the scores of QOL dimensions in the experimental group after the intervention (p ≤ 0.05). Comparison of the mean differences at the beginning and two months after the study in the two groups showed that the scores related to QOL dimensions in the experimental group were significantly greater than the control group ( p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicated the pilates exercises can be valuable for improvement of CKD patients ’ QOL. Keywords: Chronic kidney diseases Pilates exercises Quality of lif

Quality of work life and its related factors: A survey of nurses

Background: Improving the quality of work life (QWL) is a comprehensive process essential to attracting and retaining employees, especially in health care. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine quality of nursing work life and its related factors at nurses Kashan city hospitals in 2014. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 157 ICU nurses from September to November, 2014 at 4 educational hospitals of Kashan, Iran. A three part questionnaire was used in this study: demographic and professional characteristics, quality of nursing work life (QNWL), and the national aeronautics and space administration task load index (NASA-TLX). Data were analyzed using the t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the chi square and Fisher’s exact test with SPSS software, version 16. Results: The majority of the participants (N = 112) were female (83.3%), and the mean age of the subjects was 33 ± 6.98 years. Age, education, job position, job location, and a second nursing job in another hospital were found to predict QNWL. Among the six subscales of NASA-TLX, frustration and mental demand had the lowest and highest rating score, respectively. Temporal demand, frustration, and effort levels were significantly correlated with QNWL. Conclusions: It is necessary to pay more attention to the QNWL and its related factors, especially nursing workload, to improve quality of care

The effects of foot reflexology on depression during menopause: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of foot reflexology on depression during menopause. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: Gynecology outpatient clinic. Interventions: We enrolled 90 menopausal women with depression. Participants were assigned to the intervention (n = 45) and control (n = 45) groups by block randomization. Participants in the intervention group received 15 min of foot re�exology on each foot for a total of 30 min in evenings, twice a week for six weeks. Participants in the control group received only the routine care for menopause patients. Main outcome measures: The Beck Depression questionnaire was completed by all participants at the beginning of the trial and the end of the intervention and two months after completion of the intervention. Results: A total of 121 patients were assessed for eligibility to participate in the study. One-hundred patients met the criteria to participate, and 90 participants�45 participants in each group�completed the study. In the intervention group, the mean scores of depression before, immediately after, and two months after the study were 26.97 ± 4.47 (95 CI = 25.3�28.3), 22.55 ± 5.18 (95 CI = 20.9�24.1), and 21.20 ± 5.74 (95 CI = 19.4�22.9), respectively. In the control group, these scores were 26.15 ± 5.01 (95 CI = 24.6�27.6), 26.22 ± 5.14 (95 CI = 24.7�27.7), and 26.66 ± 3.87 (95CI = 25.5�27.8), respectively. Using Repeated Measures ANOVA, the comparison of the mean scores of depression in the two groups indicated that the scores were decreased over time. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the foot reflexology technique can be effective for reducing women's depression during menopause. However, considering the study's limitations, including a small sample size and no intervention in the control group, more studies are needed to verify the findings. © 2019 Elsevier Lt

Evaluation of effective indicators on formation of informal settlements of SHAHR GHODS

Iran has faced with the growing urbanization in recent years and if we do not adopt effective planning and efficiency in the face of this sudden change these challenges will become irreparable consequences. Informal settlements are one of the symbols of this change. But with a good understanding of the phenomenon of the change in attitude it can be turned into opportunities. The purpose of this study is identifying and prioritizing effective indicators on formation of informal settlements of SHAHR GHODS and tries to some extent know the situation in these settlements and by studying main factors creating and expanding these settlements, a few suggestions are given. Effective indicators of Informal settlements can be divided in three general categories, cultural - social, economic and physical – services. Thus the survey method was used and for statistical population the residents of SHAHR GHODS informal settlements have chosen by random sampling. The required information was collected using a questionnaire and factor analysis method was examined by SPSS21 software.The results indicate that the social - cultural aspects and physical infrastructure – service are the most influential factors in the formation and development of SHAHR GHODS informal settlements.Keywords: informal settlements, SHAHR GHODS, Factor Analysi

The Effect of Short Duration Sperm Exposure on Development of Preeclampsia in Primigravid Women

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the most serious complications, and affecting about 3 of pregnancies. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact short duration of exposure to sperm on development of preeclampsia. Methods: The duration of sperm exposure with the biological father (cohabitation without barrier methods) <3,<6 months were evaluated among 120 primigravid women with preeclampsia and 120 women without preeclampsia in a case-control study. Results: The short duration of exposure to sperm was more common in women with preeclampsia compared with controls (29.2 versus 14.2 for <3 months, adjOR 2.6 (95 CI=1.32-5.13) and (45 versus 29.2 for <6 months, adjOR 2.4 (95 CI=1.35-4.32). Regardless of the contraceptive method, short duration of cohabitation was more common in preeclamptic group (14.2 versus 5.8 for <3 months, adjOR 3.38 (95 CI=1.28-8.92) and (29.7 versus 13.3 for <6 months, adjOR 2.64(95 CI=1.24-5.79). Conclusion: It was concluded that short duration of exposure to sperm was more common in women with preeclampsia compared with controls. © Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal

Mindfulness Training and Quality of Life Among Pregnant Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial

quality of life (QOL). Objectives: The current study aimed to examine the effect of mindfulness training on QOL among pregnant females. Methods: In this clinical trial, 80 pregnant females eligible for inclusion were selected by convenience sampling method from Akramian, Taleghani and Ketabchi health centers in Kashan, Iran. The participants were randomly allocated into experimental and control groups (n = 40, each group) by block randomization method. Females in the experimental group received eight sessions of 90-minute mindfulness training, while females in the control group only received routine prenatal care services. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and a short-form 36 (SF-36) health survey questionnaire to measure the QOL. Chi-square, independent samples T-test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the totalQOLscore and subscales of emotional role functioning, vitality, mental health, social functioning and general health in the experimental group had significant changes compared to those of the control group. However, there was no significant difference between other subscales. The mean total QOL score before intervention was 44.84 � 4.44 and after intervention and follow-up was 50.42�3.71 and 49.42�5.24, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Mindfulness training can be used as a psychological prenatal care to moderate negative emotions, improve social functioning and cope with psychological and physical changes