Randomized Open-Label pilot study of the influence of probiotics and the gut microbiome on toxic metal levels in Tanzanian pregnant women and school children

The adhesion of a hydrophilic Escherichia coli and a hydrophobic Staphylococcus epidermidis was significantly higher to silicone-coated latex than to a hydrophilic lubricious-coated catheter after 24 h incubation. Time-course studies showed a steady increase in viable E. coli adhesion to the hydrophilic catheter over 24 h. However, in contrast to thermodynamic modelling predictions, S. epidermidis adhered well to the hydrophilic catheter within 30-60 min. By 18 h the adherent S. epidermidis were non-viable, apparently demonstrating the presence of an unidentified antibacterial factor on this catheter. A range of creatinine concentrations had some effect on the adhesion. Bacterial binding was significantly higher in low urea concentrations (\u3c200 m m) and was significantly affected by variation of pH from 3 to 9. There was some correlation between the suspending fluid surface tension, ΔF , and the experimental adhesion. © 1993 Chapman & Hall. Ad