Distribution of Craniofacial Variables in South Dalmatian and Middle Croatian Populations

The objective of the present work was to determine some relevant craniofacial parameters, particularly in relation to sex, for the study of the distribution of basic head and face types, and to investigate craniofacial and morphological differences between two population samples. The study sample comprised 100 subjects of both sex aged 18 to 30 from South Dalmatia and 200 subjects from Middle Croatia. Eight basic craniofacial variables were measured to obtain head, forehead and face indexes. The data indicate that average values of all variables can be used as standard craniofacial parameters for the examined population groups. All the craniofacial variables are considerably higher in men than in women (p < 0.05). In the South Dalmatian population mesocephalia (48.0%) and leptoprosopia (82.0%) prevail, while in the Middle Croatian population the brachycephalia (62.0%), and euriprosopia (73.5%) are present to a greater degree. The most significant craniofacial and morphological differences between the examined study samples are head width (Eu–Eu), face width (Zy–Zy), and forehead height (Tr–N). They were found to be statistically significant in the examined Middle Croatian population (p < 0.05). The presented measurements are highly relevant to orthodontic diagnostics and therapy

Improvement of Water Vapor Barrier Properties of Chitosan-Collagen Laminated Casings using Beeswax

Collagen casings are commercially used in sausage production. In this paper, collagen film that is used for sausage casings was laminated with chitosan film to produce barrier casing film. Chitosan coating was prepared by dissolving chitosan powder in 1% acetic acid. After dissolving chitosan, caraway essential oil, wetting agent Tween 20 and different amounts of beeswax, from 0 to 25 g were added to the solution. The solution was coated on collagen film surface in three layers, using a sponge brush to make laminated films. Films were air dried at temperature t = 23 °C ± 2 °C. Uncoated collagen film was used as reference. Film thickness, water vapor barrier properties and FTIR spectra were determined. With growing amount of beeswax added to the chitosan layer, film thickness grew from 112 µm for laminated film with 5 g of beeswax to 225 µm for film with 25 g of beeswax, compared to 83 µm for collagen film. Water vapor barrier properties improved with growing amount of beeswax in chitosan layer, ranging from 130.71 g/m224h for laminated film with added 5 g of beeswax to 66.96 g/m224h for the film with 25 g of beeswax, compared to 290.64 g/m224h for collagen film. Addition of beeswax showed great potential in lowering water vapor permeability of laminated collagen-chitosan film. FTIR spectra could be used to determine quantitative law dependency between added amount of beeswax and spectra absorption values,as well as to prove compactness of chitosan-beeswax layer

Improvement of water vapor barrier properties of chitosan-collagen laminated casings using beeswax

Collagen casings are commercially used in sausage production. In this paper, collagen film that is used for sausage casings was laminated with chitosan film to produce barrier casing film. Chitosan coating was prepared by dissolving chitosan powder in 1% acetic acid. After dissolving chitosan, caraway essential oil, wetting agent Tween 20 and different amounts of beeswax, from 0 to 25 g were added to the solution. The solution was coated on collagen film surface in three layers, using a sponge brush to make laminated films. Films were air dried at temperature t =23 °C ± 2 °C. Uncoated collagen film was used as reference. Film thickness, water vapor barrier properties and FTIR spectra were determined. With growing amount of beeswax added to the chitosan layer, film thickness grew from 112 µm for laminated film with 5 g of beeswax to 225 µm for film with 25 g of beeswax, compared to 83 µm for collagen film. Water vapor barrier properties improved with growing amount of beeswax in chitosan layer, ranging from 130.71 g/m2 24h for laminated film with added 5 g of beeswax to 66.96 g/m2 24h for the film with 25 g of beeswax, compared to 290.64 g/m2 24h for collagen film. Addition of beeswax showed great potential in lowering water vapor permeability of laminated collagen-chitosan film. FTIR spectra could be used to determine quantitative law dependency between added amount of beeswax and spectra absorption values,as well as to prove compactness of chitosan-beeswax layer

QUALITY ANALYSIS OF BASIC RESOURCES FROM THE ASPECT OF FEASIBLITY OF ALUMINA CEMENT PRODUCTION

Main objective of this paper is feasibility of alumina cement production on the Republic of Srpska resources basis. As is known calcium-alumina cement is type of mineral hydraulic binder. As basic resources of CAC production are used bauxite and calcite. There are two main production processes: the fusion, Al2O3 less than 50% and the sintering process, Al2O3 higher than 50%. Republic of Srpska has two main bauxite deposits: Milici and Srebrenice mines and alumina factory in Zvornik. There are a couple calcite deposits with possible CAC technology requirements. Also the nearest CAC factory is in Istria, Republic of Croatia

Structural characterisation of starch based edible films with essential oil addition

Present study investigated structure of starch based edible films with essential oil addition. Films were obtained from water solutions containing gelatinized modified starch, polyol, guar-xantan gum modified mixture and essential oil by casting it on a Petri dish and evaporating at room temperature for 72h. Both, glycerol and guar-xantan modified mixture, had role to improve film flexibility and enable better film folding and handling. Two sample groups were obtained: starch based edible films with black cumin oil addition and starch based edible films with black pepper oil addition. Both essential oils were added in three different concentrations. Starch based edible film without essential oil addition was used as blank shot. Structural properties were determined by analyzing spectra obtained by FT-IR Spectrometer in the spectral range of 4000–400 cm−1 with a 4.0 cm−1 resolution. Software Omnic 8.1. and TQ Analyst were used to operate the FTIR spectrometer, collect and present all the data. Results pointed to quantitative law dependency between added amount of essential oils and spectra absorption values for both sample groups and FTIR spectra were used to calculate coefficient of correlation

Structural characterisation of starch based edible films with essential oil addition

Present study investigated structure of starch based edible films with essential oil addition. Films were obtained from water solutions containing gelatinized modified starch, polyol, guar-xantan gum modified mixture and essential oil by casting it on a Petri dish and evaporating at room temperature for 72h. Both, glycerol and guar-xantan modified mixture, had role to improve film flexibility and enable better film folding and handling. Two sample groups were obtained: starch based edible films with black cumin oil addition and starch based edible films with black pepper oil addition. Both essential oils were added in three different concentrations. Starch based edible film without essential oil addition was used as blank shot. Structural properties were determined by analyzing spectra obtained by FT-IR Spectrometer in the spectral range of 4000–400 cm−1&nbsp;with a 4.0 cm−1&nbsp;resolution. Software Omnic 8.1. and TQ Analyst were used to operate the FTIR spectrometer, collect and present all the data. Results pointed to quantitative law dependency between added amount of essential oils and spectra absorption values for both sample groups and FTIR spectra were used to calculate coefficient of correlation

The Effect of Transverse Shear Deformation on the Bending of Rectangular Plates

The review of the Reissner-Mindlin's (RM) theory of bending of rectangular plates is presented in this paper. Presented are the advantages and disadvantages of RM theory, its application and finite elements (FE) for solving plate bending by RM theory. The Wolfram Mathematica software package is used to create LESAP program code with built-in algorithm for calculation of the plate bending. The results for a given number of examples, which include accuracy, convergence and the speed of the solutions convergence, are compared with the results obtained using the software package ABAQUS

The Effect of Transverse Shear Deformation on the Bending of Rectangular Plates

The review of the Reissner-Mindlin's (RM) theory of bending of rectangular plates is presented in this paper. Presented are the advantages and disadvantages of RM theory, its application and finite elements (FE) for solving plate bending by RM theory. The Wolfram Mathematica software package is used to create LESAP program code with built-in algorithm for calculation of the plate bending. The results for a given number of examples, which include accuracy, convergence and the speed of the solutions convergence, are compared with the results obtained using the software package ABAQUS

Die Struktur der fixen prothetischen ersatzes bei unseren patienten mit besonderer berücksichtigung des Kronenersatzes

Autori su statistički obradili primjenu 4 472 krunice različitih vrsti u razdoblju od 9 godina. Analizirali su njihovu primjenu u odnosu na spol i dob pacijenta, a za neke vrsti krunica i u odnosu na lokalizaciju u ustima. Na temelju obrađenih podataka, autori su došli do zaključaka, da se krunice primjenjuju u svim dobnim skupinama, da se vrh primjene raznih vrsti krunica nalazi u dobi od 41—65 godina, i ustanovili da je najveća primjena akrilatnih krunica u dobnoj skupini od 15—20 godine. Najviše se primjenjuju potpune metalne krunice. U svih vrsti primijenjenih krunica očita je prevalencija ženskih paciijenata.The authors have made a statistical survey of the application of 4.472 artificial orowns of different types over a period of 9 years. They have analysed their application with regard to the age and sex of the patients and for some types of artificial crowns an analysis was made with relationto the localization in the mouth too. On the basis of these data the authors have reached the conclusion that artificial crowns are used in all age groups, that the peak application of various types of crowns falls between the age of 41 to 65 while the most extensive application of acrylic crowns has been seen in the age group of 15—20 years. Most frequently entire metal crowns are used. An evident prevalence of female patients has been found for all types of artificial crowns.Die Autoren haben 4.472 Kronen verschiedener Arten durch eine Periode von 9 Jahren statistisch erfasst. Die Analyse bezieht sich auf Alter und Geschlecht der Patienten, für gewisse Arten auch mit Rücksicht auf ihre Lokalisation im Munde. Auf Grund der erhaltenen Angaben kann man beschliessen dass Kronen in allen Altersgruppen Anwendung finden, jedoch die Spitze der Anwendung befindet sich in der Altersgruppe zwischen 41—65 Jahren. Für Akrylatkronen ist die Altersgruppe von 15—20 Jahren dominant. Am meisten werden volle MetalIkronen angewendet. Bei allen Kronenarten ist die Prävalenz der weiblichen Patienten augenscheinlich

Antioxidative activity of chitosan and chitosan based biopolymer film

Growing consumer demand for the food without chemical preservatives focused significant extent of research in the direction of finding natural compounds that can be used in food preservation. In this context, natural substances with strong antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, like essential oils, as well as natural biopolymers, particularly draw attention. Natural biopolymers can serve as carriers of the active components, such as essential oils in order of their sustained release to the food during storage, and may themselves exhibit activity in protecting foods from oxidation and/or microbial spoilage. Chitosan has been extensively studied as semi-natural polymer with expressed bioactive properties. While antimicrobial activity of chitosan solution in different acids has been confirmed towards different bacteria, yeasts and moulds, reports concerning intensity, underlying machanism and different factors afecting antioxidant activity of chitosan vary through the available literature. This paper presents a review in the field of antioxidative activity of chitosan with different properties, as well as chitosan based biopolymer films in order to clarify this aspect of chitosan bioactivity and confront different reports found in the literature