EIN NEUES OPTISCHES MESSGERÄT ZUR MESSUNG DER GERADHEIT LANGER BOHRUNGEN

The measurement of workpieces with long but smalldiametric cavitys (drills) is always a difficult problem. The apparatus shown in this paper has been developped for measurement of the straightness of cavitys with 5-10 mm diameter and 600-1000 mm length. The optical principle of this measuring allows to achieve the uncertainty less then ± 5 11 qm

Mutations at the Subunit Interface of Yeast Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Reveal a Versatile Regulatory Domain

Acknowledgments We thank Szilvia Minorits for technical assistance. I.U. conceived and designed the project and wrote the manuscript. All authors participated in designing and performing the experiments, and analyzing the results. The authors declare no competing financial interests. This work was also supported by a grant from the National Research, Development and Innovation Office GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00001. Funding: This work was supported by Hungarian Science Foundation Grant OTKA 109521 and National Research Development and Innovation Office GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00001. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Single Cell Mass Cytometry of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Reveals Complexity of In vivo And Three-Dimensional Models over the Petri-dish

Single cell genomics and proteomics with the combination of innovative three-dimensional (3D) cell culture techniques can open new avenues toward the understanding of intra-tumor heterogeneity. Here, we characterize lung cancer markers using single cell mass cytometry to compare different in vitro cell culturing methods: two-dimensional (2D), carrier-free, or bead-based 3D culturing with in vivo xenografts. Proliferation, viability, and cell cycle phase distribution has been investigated. Gene expression analysis enabled the selection of markers that were overexpressed: TMEM45A, SLC16A3, CD66, SLC2A1, CA9, CD24, or repressed: EGFR either in vivo or in long-term 3D cultures. Additionally, TRA-1-60, pan-keratins, CD326, Galectin-3, and CD274, markers with known clinical significance have been investigated at single cell resolution. The described twelve markers convincingly highlighted a unique pattern reflecting intra-tumor heterogeneity of 3D samples and in vivo A549 lung cancer cells. In 3D systems CA9, CD24, and EGFR showed higher expression than in vivo. Multidimensional single cell proteome profiling revealed that 3D cultures represent a transition from 2D to in vivo conditions by intermediate marker expression of TRA-1-60, TMEM45A, pan-keratin, CD326, MCT4, Gal-3, CD66, GLUT1, and CD274. Therefore, 3D cultures of NSCLC cells bearing more putative cancer targets should be used in drug screening as the preferred technique rather than the Petri-dish

Populism and Constitutional Amendment

The chapter explores a rather under-investigated relationship, namely between populism and constitutional amendment. First, we provide a conceptual framework of this relationship, by analysing the use, misuse and abuse of constitutional amendment by populists. To do this, we focus on a very specific species of the populist genre: that is\u2014populism in power. In fact, constitutional amendment is a legal tool that is only available to populists in power. Therefore, we focus on the most commonly acknowledged experiences of populism in power to analyse whether this species of populism makes use of constitutional amendment, and, if so, what are the recurrent patterns of the investigated use of constitutional amendments by populists in power. This chapter argues that, if constitutional amendment is correctly understood, populists in power usually stay at large from constitutional amendments: they rather prefer to replace the Constitution or to disable it in concrete. In fact, populists tend to reject any distinction between \u201cconstitutional\u201d and \u201cordinary\u201d politics. Then, we explore possible constitutional remedies against the populist (ab)use of constitutional amendment: procedural mechanisms and doctrines of unconstitutional constitutional amendment. Within this picture, the chapter argues that constitutional machineries designed to slow down the process of constitutional amendments may be more effective than the doctrine of unconstitutional constitutional amendment. Subsequently, I will test the conceptual map designed in the first part of the chapter to the Italian case, focusing on the last 30 years of permanent mobilization of the constitutional amendment power and claiming that this moblilization has some resemblances with the populist approach to consti tutional amendments. However, the identification of some disturbing resemblances with the populists\u2019 (ab)use of constitutional amendments only emerges if one adopts a purely methodological perspective. In fact,substantially, the most important attempts of overarching constitutional reforms in Italy did not share their most classic aims, such as the capture of counter-majoritarian institutions and the removal of the essential pluralist character of post\u2013World War II constitutions. Finally, the chapter will argue that the procedure required by the Italian Constitution to be amended\ua0was able to disable populist impulses\ua0so far