Estimation of the Thyroid Secondary Cancer Risk on the Patient of Standard Breast External Beam Radiotherapy

Background: The purpose of this study was to estimate the secondary cancer risk of thyroid in standard radiotherapy methods which are commonly used for breast cancer patients. Methods: A total of 64 breast cancer patients (their age range was around 50 years old) who referred to Seyed-Al-Shohada hospital (Isfahan, Iran) were included in this study. The radiotherapy of the mentioned patients was performed using 6-MV photon beams. Dose measurements were also done using thermoluminescent dosimeters. Calculation of the risk of developing secondary cancer in thyroid was done using the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation Committee VII and recommended quantity of the International Radiation Protection Commission, excess relative risk. Results: The mean radiation dose to thyroid for the tangential beams, tangential field with supraclavicular (SC) field, and also a tangential field with SC field in modified radical mastectomy (MRM) were 0.883 ± 0.472, 1.512 ± 0.365, and 1.587 ± 0.37, respectively. The risk of developing secondary thyroid cancer over a period of 5 years after breast cancer therapy in the tangential, tangential with a SC field, and also tangential beam with SC field in MRM were 9.974 ± 4.318, 17.891 ± 0.365, and 18.783 ± 4.384, respectively. The mean of the measured thyroid doses in patients treated with tangent fields was significantly lower than the patients under the irradiation of the tangent fields with SC field (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Using radiation protection equipment is suggested for breast cancer patients who treated with the studied radiotherapy methods

Primary immunodeficiency disorders in Iran: Update and new insights from the third report of the national registry

Background: Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) are a group of heterogeneous disorders mainly characterized by severe and recurrent infections and increased susceptibility to malignancies, lymphoproliferative and autoimmune conditions. National registries of PID disorders provide epidemiological data and increase the awareness of medical personnel as well as health care providers. Methods: This study presents the demographic data and clinical manifestations of Iranian PID patients who were diagnosed from March 2006 till the March of 2013 and were registered in Iranian PID Registry (IPIDR) after its second report of 2006. Results: A total number of 731 new PID patients (455 male and 276 female) from 14 medical centers were enrolled in the current study. Predominantly antibody deficiencies were the most common subcategory of PID (32.3 %) and were followed by combined immunodeficiencies (22.3 %), congenital defects of phagocyte number, function, or both (17.4 %), well-defined syndromes with immunodeficiency (17.2 %), autoinflammatory disorders (5.2 %), diseases of immune dysregulation (2.6 %), defects in innate immunity (1.6 %), and complement deficiencies (1.4 %). Severe combined immunodeficiency was the most common disorder (21.1 %). Other prevalent disorders were common variable immunodeficiency (14.9 %), hyper IgE syndrome (7.7 %), and selective IgA deficiency (7.5 %). Conclusions: Registration of Iranian PID patients increased the awareness of medical community of Iran and developed diagnostic and therapeutic techniques across more parts of the country. Further efforts must be taken by increasing the coverage of IPIDR via electronically registration and gradual referral system in order to provide better estimation of PID in Iran and reduce the number of undiagnosed cases. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media

Targeted Gene Panel Sequencing for Early-onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Chronic Diarrhea

Background: In contrast to adult-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), where many genetic loci have been shown to be involved in complex disease etiology, early-onset IBD (eoIBD) and associated syndromes can sometimes present as monogenic conditions. As a result, the clinical phenotype and ideal disease management in these patients often differ from those in adult-onset IBD. However, due to high costs and the complexity of data analysis, high-throughput screening for genetic causes has not yet become a standard part of the diagnostic work-up of eoIBD patients. Methods: We selected 28 genes of interest associated with monogenic IBD and performed targeted panel sequencing in 71 patients diagnosed with eoIBD or early-onset chronic diarrhea to detect causative variants. We compared these results to whole-exome sequencing (WES) data available for 25 of these patients. Results: Target coverage was significantly higher in the targeted gene panel approach compared with WES, whereas the cost of the panel was considerably lower (approximately 25% of WES). Disease-causing variants affecting protein function were identified in 5 patients (7%), located in genes of the IL10 signaling pathway (3), WAS (1), and DKC1 (1). The functional effects of 8 candidate variants in 5 additional patients (7%) are under further investigation. WES did not identify additional causative mutations in 25 patients. Conclusions: Targeted gene panel sequencing is a fast and effective screening method for monogenic causes of eoIBD that should be routinely established in national referral centers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A comparision between Plasma lipids concentration in preeclamptic and normotensive women

Background and purpose : Pregnancy may cause hypertension in normotensive women or aggrevate preexisting hypertention. The incidence of Preeclamsia is 5-10%, and is an important contributor to maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. According to many predisposing factors in pathophysiology of preeclampsia, the role of lipid preoxides, is also important. In this study attempts are made to show the relationship between inceasing of plasma lipids and hypertension in pregnancy.Materials and Methods : This is a case-control study on pregnant women reffering to Sari Imam Khomeini Hospital, From Oct. 2003 to Oct. 2004. Case group include 100 preeclamptic pregnant women and for control group 100 normotensive pregnant women were recruired. (preeclamsia : BP> = 140 /90 mmHg, or Proteinuria > + 1 0r > = 300mg/dL in urine 24 h ) .Total TG, cholestrol, HDL and LDL were measured by enzymatic methods. Statistical analysis were performed using T-Test and Pearson's method.Results : The most important results are as follows: The mean of TG in case group was 45 % more than that of the control group (P<0.001, sig). The mean of cholestrol level in case group was 15 % more than control group (P<0.01, sig). The mean of LDL in case group is 5 % more than that of the control group (NS).Conclusion : As the levels of plasma lipids in preeclamptic women were more than normotensive women; measuring of Plasma lipids also can be a marker for predisposing to Preeclampsia

An assessment of diagnostic value of protein /creatinine ratio in patients with suspected preeclampsia

Background&Objective: Preeclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy it’s a bout 5-7 percent in pregnants and it may complicate mother or fetus which ends with death. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of the protein / creatinine ratio in prediction of 24-hour urine total among women with suspected preeclampsia. Materials&Methods: 150 women who were evaluated for suspected preeclampsia at ?20 weeks of gestation were studied prospectively in Az-zahra and Emam hospital Sari. There was no concurrent or preexisting systemic disease. They were undergoing a 24-hour urine collection for the determination of proteinuria. A single voided urine specimen was obtained after completion of the 24-hour urine collection and analyzed for the P/C ratio. Results: The randome urinary protein to creatinine ratios is strongly associated with the 24-hour total protein excretion (P<0.05, r = 0.37). The best cut off of 0.175 yieldes a sensitivity of 85.9% and a specificity of 66%. Conclusion: The random urinary protein to creatinine ratio could replace the 24-hour urine collection as a simple, faster more useful method for the diagnosis of significant protenuria

Evaluation of Gasteroesophageal Reflux in Infants with Cow Milk Allergy

Background: Cow milk allergy can present as many gasteroenterological manifestations like gasteroesophageal reflux (GER). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of GER in infants with CMA in Imam Khomeini Hospital (2002-2003). Methods: 51 children with CMA were evaluated. Radiographic and endoscopic assessments were performed in GER suspected cases. These cases underwent challenge test and after 2 weeks with cow milk-free diet, they were evaluated again. Findings: 5 cases (10%; 3 females and 2 males) had concomitant GER (age ranged 3-17 months, mean age: 10.6 months). 3 patients took only mother's milk and 2 cases were fed with both mother's milk and formula. All mothers took dairy cow products in their daily diet. Skin prick test was positive in only one infant. Interestingly, after 2 weeks of cow milk protein-free diet both allergic and GER manifestations disappeared. Conclusions: Evaluation of children with CMA for concurrent GER seems to be necessary, because treating CMA can control GER as well, suggesting an association between the two conditions. Thus an additional antireflux treatment in these patients can be prevented

A Report from Iranian Primary Immunodeficiency Registry (IPIDR), New Trend in Diagnosis of PID

Introduction: Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) are rare and heterogeneous group of disease. In attempts to ad- dress and to provide an estimate of the precise prevalence of these disorders in Iran, the Iranian Primary Immunodeficiency Registry (IPIDR) was established in 1999. The Registry is currently being expanded and is a part of IAARI (Immunolo- gy, Asthma & Allergy Research Institute). Method: During (2006-2013), 1857 patients who were re- ferred to IAARI with possible diagnosis of PID were enrolled in this study.Primary and advanced screening tests were done and after confirmation of diagnosis all patients registered in IPIDR (Ipidr.tums.ac.ir) Results: fifty hundred and sixty-five patients (354 M/211F) had definite or probable diagnosis of PID; Consanguinity rate and family history of previous child with PID were 58% and 24.6%, respectively. Genetic studies were done in 50.8% of patients and in 37.3% of them specific mutation was found. The most com- mon form of immunodeficiency was congenital defects of phagocyte number, function, or both. (43.5%), mainly chronic granulomatous disease, followed by Well-defined syndromes with immunodeficiency (32.6%), predominantly antibody disor- ders (16%), combined immunodeficiencies (9.7%), Comple- ment deficiencies (8.8%), Diseases of immune dysregulation (7.2%) and defects of innate immunity (2.1%) Conclusion: Recent development in molecular diagnosis can help in early and definite diagnosis of PID. Accurate diagnosis of these conditions are essential for eval uation of PID burden , better decision in prevention and treatment strategies and research studies A Report from Iranian Primary Immunodeficiency Registry (IPIDR), New Trend in Diagnosis of PID (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268280484_A_Report_from_Iranian_Primary_Immunodeficiency_Registry_IPIDR_New_Trend_in_Diagnosis_of_PID [accessed Jun 20, 2017]

"The spectrum of primary immunodeficiency disorders in Iran "

Epidemiological studies have shown wide geographical and racial variation in the prevalence and patterns of immunodeficiency disorders. To determine the frequency of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Iran, the Iranian primary Immunodeficiencies Registry (IPIDR) was organized in 1999. the diagnosis of immunodeficiency in our patients was based on standard criteria. The patient’s data were extracted, by using a uniform questionnaire from their hospital records. Three hundred and twenty eight patients with PID have been registered in our registry till 2000. Among these patients, the following frequencies were found: predominantly antibody deficiency in 48.48% of patients (n=159), T-cell disorders in 25.91% (n=85), phagocytic disorders in 24.7% (n=81), and complement deficiencies in 0.91% (n=3). Common variable immunodeficiency was the most frequent disorder (n=73), followe by chronic granulomatous disease (n=55), ataxia telangiectasia (n=39), x-linked agammaglobulinemia (n=35), selective IgA deficiency (n=34). This study reveals that antibody deficiencies are the most frequent diagnosed primary immunodeficiency disorder in our patients, which is similar to that observed in other registries. A comparative study shows some differences between our results and other registrie