Novel antiviral activity of neuraminidase inhibitors against an avian influenza a virus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors used for influenza therapy are believed to prevent the release of progeny virus from the surface of an infected cell. In this study, we found that NA inhibitors have a novel antiviral function against an avian influenza virus.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, commonly used for the isolation and propagation of the influenza virus, were infected with an avian influenza viral strain A/chicken/German/N/49(H10N7) (H10/chicken) or a human influenza viral strain A/Osaka/981/98(H3N2) (H3/Osaka) virus. Cells were incubated in a medium without or with a NA inhibitor, oseltamivir carboxylate (GS4071), from 1 to 13 h post infection (p.i.). Infected cells were washed 12 h p.i. to remove GS4071, incubated for 1 h without GS4071, and assayed for virus production. Incubation with GS4071 decreased the production of infectious viruses. When H10/chicken virus-infected cells were incubated with GS4071 from 12 to 13 h p.i. (i.e., 1 h before the virus production assay), the inhibitory effect was clearly observed, however, the same was not evident for H3/Osaka virus-infected cells. Furthermore, viral protein synthesis in infected cells was not affected by GS4071. Using a scanning electron microscope, many single spherical buds were observed on the surface of H3/Osaka virus-infected cells incubated without GS4071, whereas many aggregated particles were observed on the surface of cells incubated with GS4071. However, many long tubular virus-like structures, with no aggregated particles, were observed on the surface of H10/chicken virus-infected cells incubated with GS4071. The same results were obtained when another NA inhibitor, zanamivir, was used.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results indicate that NA inhibitors interfered with virus particle formation in the H10/chicken virus-infected cells, in which the inhibitor caused the formation of long tubular virus-like structures instead of spherical virus particles.</p

Refino de grão de ligas alumínio- silício com ante-ligas Al-B

RESUMO Com o objetivo de conhecer a influência das partículas AlB2 e AlB12 na capacidade de refino de grão de uma liga Al-4B sobre ligas de fundição à base de alumínio-silício, realizou-se testes de refino TP1 da Aluminum Association variando-se as concentrações de AlB2 e AlB12. Para a caracterização química foram utilizadas as técnicas de espectrometria de emissão óptica e espectrometria de energia dispersiva (EDS). O método utilizado para medir os tamanhos de grão foi o do intercepto, através de uma lupa estereoscópica. Os resultados foram comparados com os do refinador convencional Al-5Ti-1B. A liga alumínio-silício utilizada foi a Al-11Si-0,1Mg, comum na produção de rodas automotivas. A liga Al-4B com 100% de partículas AlB2 apresentou a melhor capacidade de refino, proporcionando tamanhos médios de grãos de 0,26 mm na liga Al-11Si-0,1Mg, no tempo de amostragem de 5 minutos. A liga Al-4B com 100% de partículas AlB12 apresentou um resultado intermediário, com tamanhos médios de grãos de 0,43 mm na liga Al-11Si-0,1Mg, no tempo de 5 minutos. A liga Al-11Si-0,1Mg refinada usando-se o refinador convencional Al-5Ti-1B apresentou tamanho médio de grão de 0,63 mm após 5 minutos de amostragem, o pior resultado quando comparado com os refinadores Al-4B com 100% de partículas AlB2 e AlB12 respectivamente

A whole recombinant yeast-based therapeutic vaccine elicits HBV X, S and core specific T cells in mice and activates human T cells recognizing epitopes linked to viral clearance

10.1371/journal.pone.0101904PLoS ONE97e10190