Xanthones and Xanthone O\textit{O}‐β\textit{β}‐D‐Glucosides from the Roots of Polygala azizsancarii\textit{Polygala azizsancarii} Dönmez

Nine xanthone derivatives (1–9) were isolated from the roots of Polygala azizsancarii, which is a narrow endemic species for the flora of Türkiye. Based on all of the evidence, the structures of 1–9 were established as two previously undescribed xanthone O-glucosides, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1,6-dihydroxy-2,5,7-trimethoxyxanthone (1), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1,6-dihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxyxanthone (2), and seven previously described xanthones, 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,5,7-trimethoxyxanthone (3), 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxyxanthone (4), 1,2,3,4,7-pentamethoxyxanthone (5), 1,3-dihydroxy-2,5,6,7-tetramethoxyxanthone (6), 1,3-dihydroxy-4,7-dimethoxyxanthone (7), 1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (8), and 1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-methylenedioxyxanthone (9). The structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D-NMR (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT-135), 2D-NMR (COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC, INADEQUATE), and HR-MS. The solid-state structures of 1–4, including the absolute configurations of the stereogenic carbons of the sugar moiety in 1 and 2, were established by X-ray crystal-structure analyses. For the newly described compounds, the trivial names sancarosides A (1) and B (2) are proposed

Nigella_UPGM

It is a text file including UPGM coding of the study. It is also run for PAST programm

Data from: Numerical analyses of seed morphology and its taxonomic significance in the tribe Nigelleae (Ranunculaceae)

In this study, the seed morphology of the taxa Nigella, Garidella, and Komaroffia were examined to provide systematic knowledge about the tribe Nigelleae. The seeds of 21 taxa in 20 species from Mediterranean and West Asian countries were studied using both zoom stereo and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and Unweighted average linkage analysis (UPGMA) were performed to assess the contribution of seed characters to defining the taxonomy of the tribe. Representative pictures from zoom stereo microscopy and SEM studies and measurement of seeds were prepared. Seed shape and color are controversy with proposed generic level of the tribe. Macromorphological characters have importance at sectional level rather than generic level. Five main types of seed ornemantations– rugulose+striate, granulate, smooth, rugulose and mucronulate‐ were detected. Patterns in seed micromorphology, however, mainly supported taxonomic relationships at sectional treatment in Nigella and two of the three sections are well differentiated based on only seed characters. Seed morphology alone provide good support to Garidella as a distinct species, but it shows less taxonomic value for Komaroffia. Distinct seed shape, size, and surface sculpturing separated studied taxa into five main groups

A new species from Turkey, Sorbus erzincanica (Rosaceae); inference from genomic data and morphometry (Jun, 10.1007/S12225-022-10021-8, 2022)

[No Abstract Available

A new species from Turkey, Sorbus erzincanica (Rosaceae); inference from genomic data and morphometry

Sorbus has an extensive speciation in Turkey and among its species, an unusually distinctive population was discovered in the Irano-Turanian phytogeographical region. Specimens of the population are closely related to S. aucuparia with several important distinctive characteristics: the outline of the leaves, shape of terminal leaflets, numbers of flowers, fruits per infructescence, fruit size and genome size. Based on the distinguishing morphological characters and the genomic data, the population is described as a new species with the name Sorbus erzincanica. Measurements of the nuclear DNA content of the proposed new species, closely related taxa (S. aucuparia, S. roopiana) and the other Sorbus species which occur in the same habitat (S. umbellata and S. kuznetzovii) are presented for the first time. The micromorphology of leaves and seed surfaces of the new species were investigated using SEM. A morphometric study using twenty characters from twelve specimens was carried out using principal coordinate analysis. The leaf architecture of S. erzincanica is very similar to that of the British local endemic S. pseudomeinichii, an autopolyploid apomictic species generated from several parents.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBTAK) [111 T 850]This research was funded from the project entitled Taxonomic Revision of the Pomeae (Rosaceae) Genera (excluded Crataegus L.) in Turkey. The authors wish to thank The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBTAK) (Project No: 111 T 850) for financial support. The authors thank Dr Ashley Robertson for kind discussion and improvements of the manuscript and Dr Tracey Hamston for sharing valuable views on the genome size of the studied taxa

Morphological and molecular data on a new species of Polygala (Polygalaceae) from Turkey

WOS:000998338000001Polygala fadimeana Dönmez and Çeçen is here described as a new species from the inner part of the Taurus mountain range in Turkey based on morphological data and its phylogenetic position is discussed based on molecular data. This new species is confined to limestone rock walls and is morphologically distinguished from P. kurdica and P. peshmenii by smaller plant size, nearly glabrous leaves, enrolled inner sepals, white colour crest, and other minor diagnostic features. However, a multi-locus chloroplast phylogeny (trnL-F and rbcL) including accessions of the new species and related taxa of Turkish Polygala revealed a close relationship to P. pruinosa and P. supina. The taxonomic relationship among the new species and P. kurdica, a poorly known species from Zagros Mountain range, and other closely related species such as P. pruinosa, P. peshmenii and P. supina are discussed. The new species is assessed as critically endangered (CR) based on current knowledge and the distribution of the new species and related taxa is mapped

Isolation, Characterization and In Silico Studies of Secondary Metabolites from the Whole Plant of Polygala inexpectata Peşmen & Erik

Polygala species are frequently used worldwide in the treatment of various diseases, such as inflammatory and autoimmune disorders as well as metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, due to the large number of secondary metabolites they contain. The present study was performed on Polygala inexpectata, which is a narrow endemic species for the flora of Turkey, and resulted in the isolation of nine known compounds, 6,3′-disinapoyl-sucrose (1), 6-O-sinapoyl,3′-O-trimethoxy-cinnamoyl-sucrose (tenuifoliside C) (2), 3′-O-(O-methyl-feruloyl)-sucrose (3), 3′-O-(sinapoyl)-sucrose (4), 3′-O-trimethoxy-cinnamoyl-sucrose (glomeratose) (5), 3′-O-feruloyl-sucrose (sibiricose A5) (6), sinapyl alcohol 4-O-glucoside (syringin or eleutheroside B) (7), liriodendrin (8), and 7,4′-di-O-methylquercetin-3-O-β-rutinoside (ombuin 3-O-rutinoside or ombuoside) (9). The structures of the compounds were determined by the spectroscopic methods including 1D-NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT-135), 2D-NMR (COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC), and HRMS. The isolated compounds were shown in an in silico setting to be accommodated well within the inhibitor-binding pockets of myeloperoxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase and anchored mainly through hydrogen-bonding interactions and π-effects. It is therefore plausible to suggest that the previously established anti-inflammatory properties of some Polygala-derived phytochemicals may be due, in part, to the modulation of pro-inflammatory enzyme activities