136 research outputs found
Attend Who is Weak: Enhancing Graph Condensation via Cross-Free Adversarial Training
In this paper, we study the \textit{graph condensation} problem by
compressing the large, complex graph into a concise, synthetic representation
that preserves the most essential and discriminative information of structure
and features. We seminally propose the concept of Shock Absorber (a type of
perturbation) that enhances the robustness and stability of the original graphs
against changes in an adversarial training fashion. Concretely, (I) we forcibly
match the gradients between pre-selected graph neural networks (GNNs) trained
on a synthetic, simplified graph and the original training graph at regularly
spaced intervals. (II) Before each update synthetic graph point, a Shock
Absorber serves as a gradient attacker to maximize the distance between the
synthetic dataset and the original graph by selectively perturbing the parts
that are underrepresented or insufficiently informative. We iteratively repeat
the above two processes (I and II) in an adversarial training fashion to
maintain the highly-informative context without losing correlation with the
original dataset. More importantly, our shock absorber and the synthesized
graph parallelly share the backward process in a free training manner. Compared
to the original adversarial training, it introduces almost no additional time
overhead.
We validate our framework across 8 datasets (3 graph and 5 node
classification datasets) and achieve prominent results: for example, on Cora,
Citeseer and Ogbn-Arxiv, we can gain nearly 1.13% to 5.03% improvements compare
with SOTA models. Moreover, our algorithm adds only about 0.2% to 2.2%
additional time overhead over Flicker, Citeseer and Ogbn-Arxiv. Compared to the
general adversarial training, our approach improves time efficiency by nearly
4-fold
Electrochemical Parameter Identification for Lithium-ion Battery Sources in Self-Sustained Transportation Energy Systems
Lithium-ion battery (LIB) sources have played an essential role in
self-sustained transportation energy systems and have been widely deployed in
the last few years. To realize reliable battery maintenance, identifying its
electrochemical parameters is necessary. However, the battery model contains
many parameters while the measurable states are only the current and voltage,
inducing the identification inherently an ill-conditioned problem. A parameter
identification approach is proposed, including the experiment, model, and
algorithm. Electrochemical parameters are first grouped manually based on the
physical properties and assigned to two sequenced tests for identification. The
two tests named the quasi-static test and the dynamic test, are compressed on
time for practical implementation. Proper optimization models and a
sensitivity-oriented stepwise (SSO) optimization algorithm are developed to
search for the optimal parameters efficiently. Typically, the Sobol method is
applied to conduct the sensitivity analysis. Based on the sensitivity indexes,
the SSO algorithm can decouple the mixed impacts of different parameters during
the identification. For validation, numerical experiments on a typical NCM811
battery at different life stages are conducted. The proposed approach saves
about half the time finding the proper parameter value. The identification
accuracy of crucial parameters related to battery degradation can exceed 95\%.
Case study results indicate that the identified parameters can not only improve
the accuracy of the battery model but also be used as the indicator of the
battery SOH
Calibrating LLM-Based Evaluator
Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) on language modeling and
emergent capabilities make them a promising reference-free evaluator of natural
language generation quality, and a competent alternative to human evaluation.
However, hindered by the closed-source or high computational demand to host and
tune, there is a lack of practice to further calibrate an off-the-shelf
LLM-based evaluator towards better human alignment. In this work, we propose
AutoCalibrate, a multi-stage, gradient-free approach to automatically calibrate
and align an LLM-based evaluator toward human preference. Instead of explicitly
modeling human preferences, we first implicitly encompass them within a set of
human labels. Then, an initial set of scoring criteria is drafted by the
language model itself, leveraging in-context learning on different few-shot
examples. To further calibrate this set of criteria, we select the best
performers and re-draft them with self-refinement. Our experiments on multiple
text quality evaluation datasets illustrate a significant improvement in
correlation with expert evaluation through calibration. Our comprehensive
qualitative analysis conveys insightful intuitions and observations on the
essence of effective scoring criteria.Comment: 22 pages,11 figure
Drug-eluting stents for coronary artery disease in the perspective of bibliometric analysis
Drug-eluting stents (DES) play a crucial role in treating coronary artery disease (CAD) by preventing restenosis. These stents are coated with drug carriers that release antiproliferative drugs within the vessel. Over the past two decades, DES have been employed in clinical practice using various materials, polymers, and drug types. Despite optimizations in their design and materials to enhance biocompatibility and antithrombotic properties, evaluating their long-term efficacy and safety necessitates improved clinical follow-up and monitoring. To delineate future research directions, this study employs a bibliometric analysis approach. We comprehensively surveyed two decades' worth of literature on DES for CAD using the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). Out of 5,778 articles, we meticulously screened them based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subsequently, we conducted an in-depth analysis encompassing annual publication trends, authorship affiliations, journal affiliations, keywords, and more. Employing tools such as Excel 2021, CiteSpace 6.2R3, VOSviewer 1.6.19, and Pajek 5.17, we harnessed bibliometric methods to derive insights from this corpus. Analysis of annual publication data indicates a recent stabilisation or even a downward trend in research output in this area. The United States emerged as the leading contributor, with Columbia University and CRF at the forefront in both publication output and citation impact. The most cited document pertained to standardized definitions for clinical endpoints in coronary stent trials. Our author analysis identifies Patrick W. Serruys as the most prolific contributor, underscoring a dynamic exchange of knowledge within the field.Moreover, the dual chart overlay illustrates a close interrelation between journals in the “Medicine,” “Medical,” and “Clinical” domains and those in “Health,” “Nursing,” and “Medicine.” Frequently recurring keywords in this research landscape include DES coronary artery disease, percutaneous coronary intervention, implantation, and restenosis. This study presents a comprehensive panorama encompassing countries, research institutions, journals, keyword distributions, and contributions within the realm of DES therapy for CAD. By highlighting keywords exhibiting recent surges in frequency, we elucidate current research hotspots and frontiers, thereby furnishing novel insights to guide future researchers in this evolving field
Safety and efficacy of a novel double-lumen tracheal tube in neonates with RDS: A prospective cohort study
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a new double-lumen tracheal tube for neonates, with a conventional tracheal tube as a control.MethodNewborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) requiring endotracheal intubation admitted to the tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Qujing Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital in Yunnan Province between March 2021 and May 2022 were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Outcome indicators related to effectiveness included mainly the number of intubations, duration of ventilation, duration of oxygenation, and length of stay; safety indicators included any clinical adverse effects during and after intubation. Appropriate stratified and subgroup analyses were performed according to the purpose of intubation, gestational age, and whether the drug was administered via endotracheal tube.ResultA total of 101 neonates were included and divided into two groups based on the choice of tracheal tube: the conventional (n = 50) and new (n = 51) tracheal tube groups. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of adverse effects during and after intubation (p > 0.05). In neonates who were mechanically ventilated without endotracheal surfactant therapy or newborns receiving InSurE technique followed by non-invasive ventilation, no significant differences were found between the two groups regarding any of the efficacy indicators (p > 0.05). However, for neonates on invasive mechanical ventilation, the new tracheal tube allowed for a significant reduction in the duration of mechanical ventilation (96.50[74.00, 144.00] vs. 121.00[96.00, 196.50] hours, p = 0.037) and total ventilation (205.71 ± 80.24 vs. 277.56 ± 117.84 h, p = 0.027), when used as a route for endotracheal drug delivery. Further analysis was performed according to gestational age for newborns requiring intratracheal surfactant administration during mechanical ventilation, and the data showed that for preterm infants, the new tracheal tube not only shortened the duration of mechanical ventilation (101.75 ± 39.72 vs. 155.50 ± 51.49 h, p = 0.026) and total ventilation (216.00 ± 81.60 vs. 351.50 ± 113.79 h, p = 0.010), but also demonstrated significant advantages in reducing the duration of oxygen therapy (9.75 ± 6.02 vs. 17.33 ± 8.43 days, p = 0.042); however, there was no statistical difference in efficacy outcomes between the two groups in full-term infants (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe efficacy and safety of this new tracheal tube are promising in neonates with RDS, especially those requiring surfactant administration via a tracheal tube during mechanical ventilation. Given the limitations of this study, however, the clinical feasibility of this catheter needs to be further confirmed in prospective randomized trials with larger sample sizes.Clinical Trial Registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=12207
Hippo pathway in intestinal diseases: focusing on ferroptosis
The incidence of intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer, has steadily increased over the past decades. The Hippo pathway is involved in cell proliferation, tissue and organ damage, energy metabolism, tumor formation, and other physiologic processes. Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by the accumulation of iron and lipid peroxides. The Hippo pathway and ferroptosis are associated with various intestinal diseases; however, the crosstalk between them is unclear. This review elaborates on the current research on the Hippo pathway and ferroptosis in the context of intestinal diseases. We summarized the connection between the Hippo pathway and ferroptosis to elucidate the underlying mechanism by which these pathways influence intestinal diseases. We speculate that a mutual regulatory mechanism exists between the Hippo pathway and ferroptosis and these two pathways interact in several ways to regulate intestinal diseases
Enhancing Logical Reasoning of Large Language Models through Logic-Driven Data Augmentation
Combining large language models with logical reasoning enhance their capacity
to address problems in a robust and reliable manner. Nevertheless, the
intricate nature of logical reasoning poses challenges to gathering reliable
data from web for building comprehensive training datasets, subsequently
affecting the performance on downstream tasks. To address this, we introduce a
novel logic-driven data augmentation approach, AMR-LDA. AMR-LDA converts the
original text into an Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) graph, a structured
semantic representation that encapsulates the logic structure of the sentence,
upon which operations are performed to generate logically modified AMR graphs.
The modified AMR graphs are subsequently converted back into texts to create
augmented data. Notably, our methodology is architecture-agnostic and enhances
generative large language models, such as GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, through prompt
augmentation, and fine-tuning discriminative large language models through
contrastive learning with logic-driven data augmentation. Empirical evidence
underscores the efficacy of our proposed method with improvement in performance
across seven downstream tasks, such as logical reasoning reading comprehension,
textual entailment, and natural language inference. Furthermore, our method
ranked first on the ReClor leaderboard
\url{https://eval.ai/web/challenges/challenge-page/503/leaderboard/1347}. The
source code and data are publicly available
\url{https://github.com/Strong-AI-Lab/Logical-Equivalence-driven-AMR-Data-Augmentation-for-Representation-Learning}.Comment: Accepted for oral presentation at the LLM@IJCAI 2023 non-archival
symposiu
Effects of lipids with different oxidation levels on protein degradation and biogenic amines formation in Sichuan-style sausages
ABS T R A C T We evaluated the effects of different oxidation levels of lipids on protein degradation and biogenic amines (BAs) formation during Sichuan-style sausages processing. Lipids with varying degrees of oxidation were obtained through storage at different temperatures and added as raw materials of Sichuan-style sausages, followed by the analyses of lipid oxidation, protein degradation, biogenic amine content, and other indicators. During the pro-cessing, with increasing degree of lipid oxidation, the contents of peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), protein degradation index (PI), amino acid nitrogen (AAN), free amino acids (FAAs), and BAs increased. Based on the protein electrophoresis results, the higher the oxidation degree of pig backfat, the higher degree of sarcoplasmic protein oxidation, and the greater myofibril protein degradation. Pearson correlation revealed that lipid oxidation, protein degradation, and BAs content correlated significantly (P < 0.05).Peer reviewe
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