Application of a Two-Level Full Factorial Design for the Synthesis of Composite Bioplastics from Durian Seed Flour and Yellow Konjac Flour Incorporating Ethanolic Extract of Syzygium myrtifolium Leaves and its Characterization

Increasing environmental problems related to synthetic plastics for food packaging encourage the creation of more environmentally friendly plastics from Indonesia’s local natural resources, such as durian seed, yellow konjac, and Syzygium myrtifolium leaves, which are abundant in nature. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of the durian seed flour (DSF) mass, yellow konjac flour (YKF) mass, and the concentration of ethanolic extract of S. myrtifolium leaves (5-25%) on the tensile strength, elongation, and inhibition zone area of composite bioplastics. The two-level full factorial design was conducted for this experiment with 3 independent factors: DSF mass (0.5-1 g), YKF mass (0.5-1 g), and the concentration of ethanolic extract of S. myrtifolium leaves (5-25% b/v), and 3 responses were observed: tensile strength, elongation, and inhibition zone area. The physicomechanical characteristics were then used to further describe the best combination. The results showed that the DSF mass had only affected tensile strength, whereas the YKF mass had affected tensile strength and elongation of composite bioplastics. Meanwhile, the concentration of ethanolic extract of S. myrtifolium leaves only affects the inhibition zone area. The best combination was found in the DSF mass of 0.5 g, YKF mass of 1 g, and the concentration of ethanolic extract of S. myrtifolium leaves of 25%, with the tensile strength of 3.30 MPa, elongation of 50.00%, and inhibition zone area of 15.33 mm. Moreover, these combinations also had a thickness of 0.115 mm, modulus young of 0.066 MPa, density of 1.37 g.cm-3, moisture content of 17.14%, and water solubility of 76.91%

Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides starter cultures in lower salt concentration fermentation on the sauerkraut quality

This research was aimed to study the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides starter cultures application in lower salt concentration fermentation on sauerkraut quality. Fresh cut cabbage was fermented with different starter cultures (L. plantarum, L. mesenteroides or the combination) at different lower salt concentration (0.5% or 1%) at 28oC for 5 days. The obtained sauerkrauts were subjected to evaluation of the quality i.e. total lactic acid bacteria, pH, total acidity, total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging activity analysis. The sulforaphane content analysis was performed by using LC-MS. The starter cultures increased total lactic acid bacteria, total acidity and decreased pH. L. mesenteroides resulted in the highest total phenolic content and the lowest IC50 value. Sauerkraut with the addition of L. mesenteroides contains sulforaphane higher 848.65 ng/g than that of control 776.47 ng/g. The results analysis of LC-MS also detected another compound, namely 2-phenethyl isothiocyanate, an antimicrobial compound. The sauerkraut is potential in functional food development with antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activities

TAWHID VALUES IN THE MUSIC VIDEO SAVE ME FROM MYSELF BY HARRIS JUNG: ROLAND BARTHES SEMIOTICS ANALYSIS

Lagu merupakan suatu media komunikasi yang baik. Lagu sering kali digunakan sebagai salah satu sarana untuk menyampaikan informasi dan pesan. Namun, terdapat beberapa orang yang terkadang salah dalam mengartikan sebuah lagu. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk benar-benar memahami makna dan pesan dari setiap lagu yang kita dengarkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti masalah tersebut. Sebuah lagu karya Harris Jung yang berjudul Save Me from Myself dijadikan sebagai objek penelitian. Peneliti akan menganalisis makna di balik lagu ini melalui video klipnya dengan menggunakan teori Semiotika Roland Barthes. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan makna dari setiap tanda yang ditampilkan dalam video klipnya, serta mendeskripsikan apa saja nilai-nilai Tauhid yang diterapkan dalam lagu tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Artinya, peneliti berperan untuk menentukan interpretasi data. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lagu yang berjudul Save Me from Myself oleh Harris Jung mengandung pesan yang sangat baik bagi pendengarnya. Peneliti menemukan lima nilai Tauhid yang diterapkan dalam lagu ini. Nilai-nilai itu adalah, Allah satu-satunya pedoman dalam hidup, Allah satu-satunya penolong dan penyelamat, Allah satu-satunya tempat kembali, Allah satu-satunya yang memiliki kekuatan, dan Allah satu-satunya yang berhak disembah. Selain itu, makna dari setiap tanda yang ditampilkan dalam video musik tersebut mempunyai makna yang bervariasi termasuk makna denotasi, konotasi, dan mitos yang digunakan untuk menandai masyarakat