10 research outputs found
The incidence and risk factors of venous thromboembolism in Japanese inpatients with inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective cohort study
Background/AimsVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major extraintestinal manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), regarded as an independent risk factor for VTE according to reports from Western countries. However, the incidence and risk factors of VTE in Asian IBD patients are not fully understood. We aimed to reveal the incidence and risk factors of VTE in Japanese IBD inpatients.MethodsThe incidence of VTE in inpatients with IBD (n=340), gastrointestinal cancers (n=557), and other gastrointestinal diseases (n=569) treated at our hospital from 2009 to 2013 was retrospectively investigated. The characteristics and laboratory data of IBD inpatients with and without VTE were compared in univariate and multivariate analyses. Clinical courses of VTE in IBD were surveyed.ResultsVTE was detected in 7.1% of IBD inpatients, significantly higher than in gastrointestinal cancer inpatients (2.5%) and inpatients with other gastrointestinal diseases (0.88%). The incidence of VTE in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (16.7%) was much higher than that in those with Crohn's disease (3.6%). In the univariate analysis, the risk factors were an older age, central venous catheter, prednisolone, surgery, low serum albumin, high serum C-reactive protein and D-dimer. According to a multivariate analysis, >50 years of age and surgery were the only risk factors. The in-hospital mortality rate of IBD inpatients with VTE was 4.2%.ConclusionsThe incidence of VTE with IBD, especially UC, was found to be high compared with other digestive disease, which was almost equivalent to that of Western countries. The efficacy of prophylaxis needs to be investigated in Asian IBD patients
Study on Suitability of KOD DNA Polymerase for Enzymatic Production of Artificial Nucleic Acids Using Base/Sugar Modified Nucleoside Triphosphates
Recently, KOD and its related DNA polymerases have been used for preparing various modified nucleic acids, including not only base-modified nucleic acids, but also sugar-modified ones, such as bridged/locked nucleic acid (BNA/LNA) which would be promising candidates for nucleic acid drugs. However, thus far, reasons for the effectiveness of KOD DNA polymerase for such purposes have not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, using mutated KOD DNA polymerases, we studied here their catalytic properties upon enzymatic incorporation of nucleotide analogues with base/sugar modifications. Experimental data indicate that their characteristic kinetic properties enabled incorporation of various modified nucleotides. Among those KOD mutants, one achieved efficient successive incorporation of bridged nucleotides with a 2′-ONHCH2CH2-4′ linkage. In this study, the characteristic kinetic properties of KOD DNA polymerase for modified nucleoside triphosphates were shown, and the effectiveness of genetic engineering in improvement of the enzyme for modified nucleotide polymerization has been demonstrated
Elucidating the Solvent Effect on the Switch of the Helicity of Poly(quinoxaline-2,3-diyl)s: A Conformational Analysis by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering
Small-angle neutron
scattering (SANS) was used to examine dilute
solutions of a poly(quinoxaline-2,3-diyl) (PQX) with (<i>R</i>)-2-octyloxymethyl side chains in deuterated THF or a mixture of
deuterated 1,1,2-TCE and THF (8/2, v/v), in which the PQX adopts pure <i>P</i>- and <i>M</i>-helical structures. The structures
of the PQX that were obtained based on the SANS experiments in combination
with theoretical calculations suggest that in THF, the chiral side
chains of the <i>P</i>-helical PQX are extended, whereas
in the 1,1,2-TCE/THF mixture, the side chains of the <i>M</i>-helical PQX are folded. Consequently, <i>P</i>-helical
structures should be preferred in good solvents such as THF, which
solvate the extended side chains, whereas <i>M</i>-helical
structures should be preferred in poor solvents such as 1,1,2-TCE,
wherein the side chains adopt shrunken conformations with maximized
van der Waals interactions between the side chains. This study thus
reveals the first example for fully determined nuanced conformations
of the side chains of synthetic polymers in solution based on SANS
experiments and theoretical calculations