19 research outputs found

    初期糖尿病網膜症における視機能異常に関する電気生理学的解析

    Get PDF
    金沢大学医学部研究課題/領域番号:02771184, 研究期間(年度):1990出典:研究課題「初期糖尿病網膜症における視機能異常に関する電気生理学的解析」課題番号02771184(KAKEN:科学研究費助成事業データベース(国立情報学研究所)) (https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02771184/)を加工して作

    初期糖尿病性網膜症における視機能異常の検出

    Get PDF
    金沢大学医学部研究課題/領域番号:01771399, 研究期間(年度):1989出典:研究課題「初期糖尿病性網膜症における視機能異常の検出」課題番号01771399(KAKEN:科学研究費助成事業データベース(国立情報学研究所)) (https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01771399/)を加工して作

    ヒヨコ網膜色素上皮の高浸透圧応答に関する研究: 細胞膜電位からの検討

    Get PDF
    取得学位 : 博士(医学), 学位授与番号 : 医博乙第1157号, 学位授与年月日:平成4年1月14日,学位授与年:199

    Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) Guidelines 2014 for treatment of colorectal cancer

    Full text link

    自然発症糖尿病ラットにおける網膜機能異常の解明と治療

    Get PDF
    金沢大学医学部ストレプトゾトシン(STZ)-DMラットおよび自然発症DMラット(OLETFラット)を用いた。STZ-DMラットでは、網膜電図律動様小波(Oscillatory Potential、OP)が遅延しその時には網膜血管から色素は漏出しなかったが、その後インスリン治療によってOPは正常化し、OPが正常化した時期に網膜血管から色素が漏出した。網膜循環時間はOP遅延・復旧に一致して延長・復旧した。ウサギ摘出眼杯では酸素分圧の微細な低下でOPが可逆的に遅延した。正常ラットで、無選択性一酸化窒素合成酵素(nitric oxide synthase、NOS)阻害剤あるいは選択的神経型NOS阻害剤の投与はいずれも脈絡膜血流を減少させた。脈絡膜には誘導型NOS活性はほとんどなかった。神経網膜の全NOS活性は正常ラットとSTZ-DMラットとの間で等しかったが、網膜色素上皮―脈絡膜の全NOS活性は後者で低下しており、これは主に神経型に由来した。DMにおけるOP遅延には、神経網膜および脈絡膜の双方における低灌流-低酸素状態が関与する可能性がある。ドパミン系物質がSTZ-DMラットで有意に減少し、γ-アミノ酪酸、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、タウリンは変化しなかった。高血糖が網膜内ドパミン合成を障害しOP振幅の減弱を招くらしいが、OP遅延とドパミン減少の時期は一致せず、他の実験でもドパミン系薬剤は振幅のみに影響したから、OP遅延と振幅減弱の機序は異なるらしい。自由摂食OLETFラットにおけるOP振幅は同系正常ラットに比べて大きく食餌制限OLETFラットに比べて小さかった。自由摂食OLETFラットにおいては高血糖でもコレシストキニンA受容体の異常によってOPが増大したが、食餌制限OLETFラットでは高血糖による減弱分だけさらにOP振幅が増大したと解釈される。自由摂食OLETFラットでは食餌制限OLETFラットに比較して、OPは遅延していた。網膜内ドパミン量およびチロシン水酸化酵素活性は増大していたが、γ-アミノ酪酸、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、タウリンは変化しなかった。自由摂食LETFラットでは同系正常ラットに較べて血管内皮増殖因子mRNA、最終糖化産物物量も増加していた。高血糖は、網膜血流および脈絡膜血流を低下させて軽度の網膜低酸素状態をもたらしこれがOP遅延させ、また別の未解明の機序によって網膜内ドパミン代謝低下をもたらしこれがOP振幅減弱させ、OP遅延をもたらす変化は発生後短期間であれば可逆的である。The oscillatory potentials (Ops) of the electroretinogram were delayed in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats as long as they were hyperglycemic and were restored to normal as long as they became normoglycemic by a subsequent insulin treatment, which chronologically coincided with a decrease and an increase in the retinal blood flow but not with the degree of retinal vascular leakage. The Ops of excised rabbit eye cups were very sensitively delayed to minute hypoxia. In control rats, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, non-selective or neuronal NOS-selective, similarly decreased the choroidal blood flow. Inducible NOS was hardly detected in the rat choroid. Total NOS activity in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid decreased in STZ-induced diabetic rats, while that in the neural retina was not. Neuronal NOS was supposedly responsible for the abovementioned decrease in the NOS activity. These results suggest that the OP delay in diabetes is underlain by hypoperfusion-hypoxia in both the neural retina and the choroid.The intra-neural retinal contents of dopamine and its metabolites were significantly lower in STZ-induced diabetic rats, while that of other putative intra-retinal neurotransmitters such as gamma-amino butylic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and taurine was not. The intra-neural retinal content of dopamine was chronologically correlated to the OP amplitude but not to the degree of OP delay. Our previous study had revealed dopamine enhances the OP amplitude but has no effect on the OP time course. These results suggest that the delay and the attenuation of the Ops in diabetes may derive from separate mechanisms.Genetically-programmed spontaneously diabetic rats (OLETF rats) on ad-libitum feeding (hyperglycemic) had larger OP than the non-diabetes-programmed rats of the same strain (normoglycemic) and smaller OP than the OLETF rats on diet (normoglycemic). This result can be interpreted as the OLETF rats on ad-libitum feeding showed larger-than-normal Ops because of their inherited defect of cholecystokinnin-A receptor and the OLETF rats on diet gained further OP amplitude by the amount of hyperglycemia-dependent decrease. The OLETF rats on ad-libitum feeding showed delayed Ops compared with the OLETF rats on diet. The intra-neural retinal content of dopamine and the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine synthesis were significantly lower in the OLETF rats on ad-libitum feeding, while intra-neural retina content of other putative intra-retinal neurotransmitters such as gamma-amino butylic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and taurine was not. The OLETF rats on ad-libitum feeding had significantly higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and advanced glycation end-product.Hyperglycemia supposedly decreases the blood flow in both the neural retina and the choroid, which may manifest as the OP delay ; and diminishes the neural retinal dopamine metabolism, which may manifest as the OP attenuation. The mechanism responsible for the OP delay is reversible as long as hyperglycemia persists within the order of weeks.研究課題/領域番号:10671637, 研究期間(年度):1998 – 1999出典:「自然発症糖尿病ラットにおける網膜機能異常の解明と治療」研究成果報告書 課題番号10671637(KAKEN:科学研究費助成事業データベース(国立情報学研究所))(https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10671637/106716371999kenkyu_seika_hokoku_gaiyo/)を加工して作

    Identification of a novel fluorophore, xanthurenic acid 8- O -β- D -glucoside in human brunescent cataract

    No full text
    We have identified the chemical structure of a novel protein-unbound fluorescent glucoside (Fl-Glc), found to be far more abundant in the human brunescent cataractous lens nuclei than in non-brunescent ones. Our earlier experiments showed that long-term incubation of the protein-free filtrate of non-brunescent cataractous nuclei generated increasing amounts of a particular yet to be characterized fluorophore (Fl-X). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses revealed Fl-X and Fl-Glc to be identical. HPLC-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) disclosed the molecular weights (MW) of Fl-X and its β-glucosidase-digest (Fl-X-aglycon) to be 367 and 205, respectively. Fl-X-aglycon and authentic xanthurenic acid (MW = 205) not only eluted at exactly the same retention time on HPLC but also revealed their protonated ions at the same m / z of 206.1 by positive ion analysis on HPLC-ESI-MS. These results suggest that Fl-X ( = Fl-Glc) is a β-glucoside of xanthurenic acid. Fl-Glc was finally identified as xanthurenic acid 8- O -β- D -glucoside because the retention times of both completely agreed with three kinds of HPLC conditions
    corecore