A Feasible Web-Conference-Style Remote Simulation using Demonstration Video Clips in Anaesthesia under the COVID-19 Outbreaks: A Preliminary Survey Study

Objective:The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has deprived simulation-based medical education for health care workers. Attendees are strictly prohibited to converge at a simulation training venue because of the COVID-19 outbreaks. To address this issue, we developed a web-conference-style remote simulation program using demonstration video clips. This report introduced the method and described participants’ satisfaction.Methods:This preliminary survey study evaluated learners’ satisfaction in multiple institutions. The Satisfaction Scale Questionnaire with High-Fidelity Clinical Simulation (SSHF) by a 5-degree scale was used to evaluate participants’ satisfaction. The survey was conducted immediately after completing the simulation sessions.Results:Ten (100%) participants (7 anaesthesia individuals, 2 anaesthesia residents and 1 nurse anaesthetist) from nine institutions responded to the survey. All median values of the satisfaction scores were ≥4.0, whereas the median values of scores for environmental fidelity and psychological insecurity were 3.5 and 3.0, respectively (P=0.005).Conclusion:A web-conference-style remote simulation using demonstration video clips is a feasible method for conducting simulation-based medical education under COVID-19 that showed high satisfaction scores. Further, additional studies are required to explore the internal and external validity and the effectiveness of mastery learning

Comparison of 2‑Arylnaphtho[2,3‑<i>b</i>]phospholes and 2‑Arylbenzo[<i>b</i>]phospholes: Effects of 2‑Aryl Groups and Fused Arene Moieties on Their Optical and Photophysical Properties

Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions were used in the divergent synthesis of a series of 2-arylnaphtho­[2,3-<i>b</i>]­phosphole <i>P</i>-oxides and their benzo­[<i>b</i>]­phosphole counterparts. We elucidated the electronic and steric effects of the 2-aryl groups and fused arene moieties on the optical and photophysical properties of these two types of phosphole-based π-systems