Hynobius sumidai Sugawara, Naito, Iwata, and Nagano 2022

Hynobius sumidai Sugawara, Naito, Iwata, and Nagano, 2022 Hynobius nebulosus (part, as Hiroshima morphotype) Okawa and Utsunomiya, 1989, 142. Hynobius nebulosus (part, as Aki morphotype) Okawa et al., 2005, 11. Hynobius akiensis (part) Matsui et al., 2019, 32. Holotype: HMNH-AM-102, from Tamaricho, Takehara-shi, Hiroshima Prefecture. Paratype: KPM-NFA 945, from the same locality of the holotype. Specimens referred in the present paper. Hiroshima Prefecture: Takehara-shi, KUHE 64274, from Nika-cho, collected by Y. Tomimori on 2 May 2022. KUHE 20220610 _1, 20220610_3, from Nika-cho, collected by K. Sakamoto on 22 April 2021. KUHE 61404-61406, from Tamari-cho, collected by Y. Tomimori on 4 Jury 2019. Higashihiroshima-shi, KUHE nb8-7, from the former Kurose-cho (Date of collection and collector unknown). KUHE 8682, 8683, 8685, from the former Kurose-cho, collected by M. Matsui on 10 March 1986. U 103–104, from former Kurose-cho, collected by T. Utsunomiya on 24 March 1986. KUHE OU 0297– 0299, from former Saijocho, collected by H. Okawa on 28 March 2007; KUHE OU 0300, from former Happonmatsu-cho, collected by H. Okawa on 28 March 2007; KUHE OU0318, 0319, from the former Akitsu-cho, collected by H. Okawa on 13 May 2007. KUHE OU 0340–0342, from former Happonmatsu-cho, collected by H. Okawa on 28 March 2008. Kure-shi U0842–U0845, from Gohara-cho, collected by T. Utsunomiya on 22 March 1990. Diagnosis. A small species of the genus Hynobius that breeds in hilly wetlands (adult male SVL 36.2–56.9 mm). Phylogenetically, H. sumidai forms a clade with H. geiyoensis in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, but has a smaller SVL. than the latter. The dorsum of an adult dark brown and yellow stripes on upper and lower edges of tail often indistinct. Short limbs and tail; forelimb and hindlimb tips barely meeting (overlap of -2 to 0 costal folds in males). The fifth toe undeveloped. Egg sac short, loosely coiled into a string, with slightly fewer clutch size than in other lentic breeding species of the genus. Most similar to H. akiensis, but with shorter internarial distance (RIND 5.7% vs. 6.3%), interorbital distance (RIOD 6.0% vs. 6.4%), forelimb (RFLL 23.6% vs. 25.3%), and hindlimb (RHLL 29.5% vs. 30.8%). Color. In life, dorsum pale brown with minute black spots. Small white spots on ventral side, and yellowish brown stripe on dorsal edge of tail often indistinct, less distinct on ventral side. In preservative, ventral color tends to be faded to grayish-brown and white nuptial color on throat not clear. Variation. Morphological measurement data for males are summarized in Table 2. In 19 males examined, SVL 47.6 ± 5.2 (36.2–56.9) mm, tips of adpressed limbs separated or touching, the fifth toe generally weakly developed, with few individuals having only four toes (about 5.0% of the specimens examined). Body light brown with black spots, and some individuals with silvery white spots on dark brown background. Range. The species is known only in the low hills of southern area in the middle region of Hiroshima. Higashihiroshima-shi (including the former Saijo-cho, Kurose-cho, Fukutomi-cho, Toyosaka-cho, Akitsu-cho, and Happonmatsu-cho), Takehara-shi, and Kure-shi (Fig. 1). Altitude of the localities extends from 160.0– 455.0 m with the mean±SD of 296.3± 121.1 m (n=11). Natural history. Breeding usually occurs in hilly streams, wetlands, and paddy ditches from March to April. Egg sacs are string-like in shape and coiling. number of eggs is 26 ± 9.5 (3–67) (Average ± SD [range]) (Okawa et al. 2019). Morphological Comparisons. Hynobius sumidai has a yellowish-brown body color with small black dots on the dorsal side, a body color pattern that is often seen in lentic Hynobius (e.g., H. geiyoensis, H. akiensis, H. setouchi, H. utsunomiyaorum, H. abuensis, H. iwami, H. bakan, H. setoi, and H. kunibiki). However, H. iwami, H. bakan, H. setoi, and H. kunibiki can be distinguished from H. sumidai by distinct yellow stripes on dorsal and ventral sides of tail, while H. sumidai has an indistinct yellow stripe on dorsal side, if present. In addition, this species differs from H. iwami, which always lacks the fifth toe. Hynobius sumidai (mean male SVL 48.0 mm) is distinctly smaller than H. geiyoensis (60.4 mm) and H. abuensis (57.3 mm). Hynobius sumidai is distinguishable from the genetically related H. geiyoensis by the following ratio values: longer head, shorter interorbital, larger eyes, shorter trunk and tail, narrower medial tail, higher basal tail, shorter hindlimb and fifth toes, and wider vomerine teeth series. Hynobius sumidai significantly differs from H. akiensis in the following ratio values: shorter internarial, interorbital, forelimb, and hindlimb. Hynobius sumidai significantly differs from H. setouchi in the following ratio values: shorter snout, internarial, interorbital, tail, forelimb, hindlimb, third toe, and fifth toe. Hynobius sumidai is distinguishable from H. utsunomiyaorum by its significantly smaller SVL and following ratio values: larger head, longer lower jaw, larger eyes, narrower medial tail, higher basal tail, longer third finger and fifth toe, and larger vomerine teeth series. Protection: H. sumidai is in the Japanese Red List as Endangered (EN) under the name of H. akiensis (Ministry of the Environment Government of Japan 2020) and is listed as Vulnerable (VU) by the Red Data List Hiroshima (Okawa [2021] as H. akiensis). This species is presently protected by Higashihiroshima-shi, Hiroshima Prefecture.Published as part of Tomimori, Yusuke, Matsui, Masafumi, Okawa, Hiroshi, Nishikawa, Kanto, Tanabe, Shingo & Kamasaka, Ryo, 2023, Reassessment of species delimitation using nuclear markers in three lentic-breeding salamanders from the Chugoku District of Japan (Amphibia: Caudata: Hynobiidae), pp. 145-160 in Zootaxa 5293 (1) on pages 155-156, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/795983

Hynobius geiyoensis Sugawara, Naito, Iwata, and Nagano 2022

Hynobius geiyoensis Sugawara, Naito, Iwata, and Nagano, 2022 Hynobius nebulosus (part, as Osakijima morphotype) Okawa and Utsunomiya, 1989, 142. Hynobius nebulosus (part, as Island morphotype) Okawa et al., 1999, 47. Hynobius nebulosus (part, as Shikoku morphotype) Okawa et al., 2007, 58. Hynobius akiensis (part) Matsui et al., 2019, 32. Holotype: HMNH (Hiwa Museum for Natural History) AM-101, from Osakikamijima-cho, Hiroshima Prefecture. Paratypes: KPM (Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History) NFA 943, KPM-NFA 944, from the same locality as the holotype. Specimens referred in the present paper. Hiroshima Prefecture: Osakikamijima Island, KUHE OU0957- 0961, from Nakano, collected by H. Okawa on 13 March 2019. KUHE 62645, 62660, 62666–62671, from Nakano, collected by Y. Tomimori on 17 February 2021. Ehime Prefecture: Imabari-shi, KUHE OU0343, 0344, 0347, 0348, from the former Namikata-cho, collected by H. Okawa on 5 April 2008. KUHE T 2839–2842, 2844, 2845, from the former Namikata-cho, collected by S. Tanabe and K. Okayama on 1 March 1997. KUHE T 3284, 3285, from the former Namikata-cho, collected by S. Tanabe and K. Okayama on 21 March 2005. Diagnosis. A medium-sized species (SVL 53.3–67.3 mm in males) of the lentic-breeding Hynobius; White dots are dense on the lateral and ventral sides, and black dots are visible on the dorsum. Tips of fore- and hindlimbs adpressed on body do not overlap in either male or female (overlap of −2.0 to 0 and -3.5 to -2.5 costal folds, respectively). Head, trunk, and tail clearly longer and the fifth toe more developed than in genetically close relative, H. akiensis and H. sumidai. Color. Body coloration greatly variable, with dorsum of body ranging from dark to yellowish brown, sometimes with black spots in life. Tail lacking yellowish-brown stripes on dorsal and ventral sides, although seldom with an indistinct stripe on dorsum. Ventral side of body grayish brown scattered with silvery white spots. White nuptial color on throat distinct in males. Variation. Morphological measurement data for males are summarized in Table 2. In 16 males examined, SVL 60.4 ±3.7 (53.3–67.3) mm, adpressed limbs always separated, and the fifth toe always present. In addition, all individuals with many fine white spots on ventral side of body, more pronounced in younger individuals. Range. Known only from two areas on Osaki-kamijima-cho, Toyota-gun, Hiroshima Prefecture and Imabari-shi, Ehime Prefecture (Fig. 1). Altitude of the localities extending from 9.6– 185.0 m a.s.l. with the mean±SD of 51.1± 37.4 m (n=25). Natural history. Breeding usually occurs from late January to early March in Hiroshima Prefecture, but from late December to early May in Ehime Prefecture. (Itano et al. 2016). Egg sacs are string-like in shape and coiling. Number of eggs is 62 ± 13.3 (34–93) (Tanabe and Okayama 2001). The minimum and maximum water temperatures at the time of breeding were 3.5–6.6°C and 8.0–13.6°C, respectively in Ehime Prefecture. (Itano et al. 2016). Morphological Comparisons. Hynobius geiyoensis has a dark brown body color with small white dots, a body color pattern that is often seen in lentic Hynobius (e.g., H. sumidai, H. akiensis, H. setouchi, H. utsunomiyaorum, H. iwami, H. abuensis, H. bakan, H. setoi, and H. kunibiki). However, H. iwami, H. bakan, H. setoi, and H. kunibiki can be distinguished from H. geiyoensis by distinct yellow stripes on dorsal and ventral sides of tail. Hynobius geiyoensis (mean male SVL 60.4 mm) is distinctly larger than H. sumidai (47.6 mm), H. akiensis (48.8 mm), and H. setouchi (51.5 mm). In addition, this species lacks striations on the envelope of egg sacs unlike H. abuensis. However, it may be confused with H. setouchi, which is known to be distributed in Shikoku and the islands of the Seto Inland Sea. Hynobius geiyoensis is distinguishable from the genetically close H. sumidai by its significantly larger SVL and by shorter head length, wider interorbital, smaller eyes, longer trunk and tail, wider medial tail lower basal tail, longer hindlimb and fifth toe, and narrower vomerine teeth series. Hynobius geiyoensis is distinguishable from H. akiensis by its significantly larger SVL and following ratio values: shorter head length, smaller eyes, longer trunk, tail and fifth toe. Hynobius geiyoensis is distinguishable from H. setouchi by its significantly larger SVL and following ratio values: shorter maximum head width, shorter lower jaw and snout, narrower upper eyelid, longer trunk, lower basal and medial tail, shorter third toe, and smaller vomerine teeth series. Hynobius geiyoensis is distinguishable from H. utsunomiyaorum by its significantly larger SVL and following ratio values: wider interorbital, longer trunk, tail, hindlimb, third finger, third toe, and fifth toe, and larger vomerine teeth series. Protection. H. geiyoensis is in the Japanese Red List as Endangered (EN) under the name of H. akiensis (Ministry of the Environment Government of Japan 2020) and is listed as Vulnerable (VU) by the Red Data List Ehime (Tanabe 2014). This species is presently protected by Ehime Prefecture, However, there is currently no effective protection law on Osakikamijima Island in Hiroshima Prefecture. Due to very limited distribution range, conservation status of this species needs to be immediately reassessed.Published as part of Tomimori, Yusuke, Matsui, Masafumi, Okawa, Hiroshi, Nishikawa, Kanto, Tanabe, Shingo & Kamasaka, Ryo, 2023, Reassessment of species delimitation using nuclear markers in three lentic-breeding salamanders from the Chugoku District of Japan (Amphibia: Caudata: Hynobiidae), pp. 145-160 in Zootaxa 5293 (1) on pages 153-154, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/795983

Acyl-CoA binding domain containing 3 (ACBD3) recruits the protein phosphatase PPM1L to ER–Golgi membrane contact sites

AbstractThe metal-dependent protein phosphatase family (PPM) governs a number of signaling pathways. PPM1L, originally identified as a negative regulator of stress-activated protein kinase signaling, was recently shown to be involved in the regulation of ceramide trafficking at ER–Golgi membrane contact sites. Here, we identified acyl-CoA binding domain containing 3 (ACBD3) as an interacting partner of PPM1L. We showed that this association, which recruits PPM1L to ER–Golgi membrane contact sites, is mediated by a GOLD (Golgi dynamics) domain in ACBD3. These results suggested that ACBD3 plays a pivotal role in ceramide transport regulation at the ER–Golgi interface.Structured summary of protein interactionsACBD3 and PPM1L colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction)FYCO1 physically interacts with PPM1L by pull down (View interaction)SEC14L2 physically interacts with PPM1L by pull down (View interaction)ACBD3 physically interacts with PPM1L by pull down (View interaction)SEC14L1 physically interacts with PPM1L by pull down (View interaction)PPM1L physically interacts with ACBD3 by two hybrid (View interaction