Antioxidant, Antiproliferative and Antimicrobialproperties of Leaf Extmcts of Pereskia Grandifolia,Pereskla Bleo and Polygonum Odoratum Lour

Malaysia is one of the Asian countries which are endowed with highly diverse biological resources. Indeed, quite high percentage of flora available in this country is believed to have medicinal and nutritional values, Even though a few spesies such as "Kacip Fatimah", "Tongkat Ali" and "Misai Kucing", just to name a few has undergone scientific research, but they are many more need thorough investigation. Studies on the antioxidant, antiproliferative and antimicrobial properties of ethanol leaf extracts of Pereskia bleo, Pereskia grandifolia and Polygonurn odoraturn were undertaken. DPPH assay was carried out to measure the capacity of the extracts to scavenge free radicals, whereas the inhibitions of lipid peroxidation by the extracts were done using p-carotene bleaching method. The phenolics content was quantified using Folin Ciocalteau reagen-t and the correlation between total phenolics content and antioxidant activity was tested. Antiproliferative property of the extracts were assessed using MTT assay on different cancer cell lines, namely CaOV3, HeLa, HepG2 and MDA-MB231, while the antimicrobial property of the extracts were screened using disc diffusion assay. Determination of vitamin A, C, E and mineral contents were also carried out. From both antioxidant assays, these extract showed high antioxidant activities which could be attributed to the occwrence of phenolics. Result obtained from la/f'TT assay showed that the proliferations of &La and Ca(3Y3 cells were eifestiveiy inhibited by the extract

Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and cytotoxic activity of various types of eggplants

The research was conducted to determine the free radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content of various types of eggplants and their effect on selected cancer cell lines in vitro. Free radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content were determined using DPPH free radical scavenging assay and the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The cytotoxic effects of eggplants ethanolic extracts were tested using MTT [3–(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl–2)–2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay against selected cancer cell lines such as non-hormone dependent breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231), cervical cancer cell line (CaOV3) and liver cancer cell line (HepG2). Nipples eggplant seed displayed the highest percentage of free radical scavenging activity with 95%, followed by long eggplant 94%, round eggplant 92%, pipit eggplant 91% and nipples eggplant 89%. The highest value for total phenolic content (mg GAE/100 g dry weight) was in the pipit eggplant (2,168 mg), followed by long eggplant (1,697 mg), round eggplant (1,539 mg), nipples eggplant seed (1,434 mg) and nipples eggplant (728 mg). Pipit eggplant displayed cytotoxic effects against MDA-MB-231, CaOV3 and HepG2 with IC50 (concentration causing 50% inhibition of the tumour cell line) value of 93.5, 6.15 and 35.4 μg/ml, respectively. Round and nipples eggplants inhibited the proliferation of CaOV3 and HepG2 with IC50 value of 7.75 and 6.4 μg/ml, respectively. Nipples eggplant seed displayed strong cytotoxic activity against CaOV3 and HepG2 with IC50 value of 7.1 and 2.63 μg/ml, respectively. Cytotoxic properties of these fruits could be due to their high free radical scavenging activities and total phenolic content

Influencing Factors for Malnutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This study reviewed the evidence on influencing factors for malnutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform for English and Chinese language observational studies published from 1966 to 2022 was conducted. RevMan 5.4.1 software was used for statistical analysis. A total of 13 observational studies with 7,790 study participants were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Seven risk factors and two protective factors related to malnutrition were identified. Age (OR=1.29; 95% CI:1.03–1.61), required feeding assistance (OR=3.33: 95% CI:2.55–4.35), living status (with family) (OR=0.49; 95% CI:0.34–0.71), protein intake (OR=0.89; 95% CI:0.85–0.94), comorbidities (OR=1.78; 95% CI:1.03–3.07), long dialysis duration (OR=1.61; 95% CI:1.16–2.24), inadequate dialysis (OR=1.25; 95% CI:1.12–1.40), hemoglobin level (OR=1.84; 95% CI:0.92–3.66), and depression (OR=3.44; 95% CI:2.21–5.34) were associated with an increased influence of malnutrition among CKD patients. This review provides comprehensive evidence of potential influencing factors of malnutrition among CKD patient