Nutritional evaluation of house cricket (Brachytrupes portentosus) meal for poultry

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of house cricket meal (HCM) as an alternative feedstuff for poultry. The proximate chemical composition, amino acid (AA) content and total metabolisable energy (TME) of HCM were determined. The protein quality of HCM was evaluated using protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein ration (NPR) methods. Treatment diets consisted of basal diet (N-free), basal + HCM, basal + soy bean meal (SBM) and basal + fish meal (FM) and were arranged in a completely randomized design. The crude protein (CP) content of HCM was 60.4% and the value was higher than that of either SBM or FM. Total metabolisable energy value for HCM was similar to that of corn but was much lower than that of SBM. Total amount of tryptophan, tyrosine and valine in the HCM were 2.8, 2.4 and 3.2%, respectively. These values were higher than those in SBM and FM. The percentages of lysine, methionine and cysteine in HCM were 2.4, 0.5 and 0.8%, respectively. These values were similar to those in SBM (2.9, 0.6 and 0.7%) but lower than FM (4.5, 1.7 and 0.8%). Chicks fed HCM diet recorded higher (p<0.05) weight gain than chicks fed SBM but slightly lower than chicks fed FM. The PER values for HCM, SBM and FM were 3.42, 3.11 and 3.71, respectively. NPR values for HCM, SBM and FM were 3.66, 3.29 and 3.96, respectively. The PER and NPR values of HCM were higher (p<0.05) than that of SBM but slightly lower than that of FM. The results suggest that the HCM has a substantial amount of protein and energy which could to be included in poultry diets

Effects of level and physical form of cottonseed hulls on microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of steers fed high concentrate diets

(Kesan tahap dan bentuk fizikal kulit biji kapas terhadap sintesis protein mikrob di dalam rumen lembu yang diberi makanan konsentrat) A. Yusof Hamali*, R. Pucala** and F. N. Owens*** Key words: effective neutral detergent fiber, peptide-N, microbial synthesis, ruminal digestion, protozoa, cottonseed hull Abstrak Enam ekor lembu jantan kembiri yang dipasang kanula pada rumen dan duodenum telah digunakan dalam kajian menggunakan replikat 3 x 3 reka bentuk latin segi empat. Pencernaan di dalam rumen dan kecekapan sintesis protein mikrob telah diukur. Tiga jenis diet berasaskan jagung yang digunakan mengandungi kulit biji kapas (CSH) dan &quot;effective neutral detergent fiber&quot; (eNDF) seperti berikut: a) 18% CSH dan 10.4% eNDF, b) 18% CSH (dikisar) dan 6.1% eNDF dan c) 25% CSH dan 14.1% eNDF. Purata nilai pH rumen meningkat dengan penambahan kandungan eNDF di dalam diet. Kandungan NH 3 -N, peptide-N, dan asid amino-N di dalam rumen adalah sama antara perlakuan, dengan nilai purata 96.4, 1.56 dan 2.56 mg/L. Kecekapan sintesis protein mikrob di dalam rumen tidak dipengaruhi oleh aras eNDF di dalam diet. Purata protein mikrob bagi semua perlakuan adalah sebanyak 13.87 g N mikrob sekilogram bahan organik. Peningkatan eNDF di dalam diet turut meningkatkan kadar percernaan sebenar bahan organik dan kanji di dalam rumen. Pengisaran CSH telah merendahkan kadar pencernaan kanji di dalam rumen. Pengurangan eNDF di dalam diet telah menurunkan pH rumen kurang daripada nilai yang dijangkakan tanpa memberi kesan terhadap kecekapan pertumbuhan mikrob sebagaimana yang disyorkan oleh pihak NRC (1996). Abstract Six steers fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square. Ruminal digestion and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis were measured. Three corn based diets were formulated to contain the following percentages of cottonseed hulls (CSH) and effective neutral detergent fiber (eNDF): a) 18% CSH and 10.4% (eNDF), b) 18% CSH (ground) and 6.1% (eNDF) and c) 25% CSH and 14.1% (eNDF). Mean ruminal pH values increased as eNDF content of the diet was increased. Ruminal NH 3 -N, peptide-N, and amino acid-N were similar among treatments averaging 96.4, 1.56, and 2.56 mg/L. The efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen was unaffected by the concentration of eNDF, and averaged 13.67 g of microbial N/kg of organic matter (OM) digested for all treatments. Increasing eNDF increased true rumina

Effect of feeding Lupin (Lupinusangustifolius) on carcass composition of Boer goat

This study was undertaken to measure the effects of different dietary treatments on carcass composition of Boer goats. The main protein source in the diet was Lupinusangustifolius and other ingredients were palm kernel expeller (PKE), soya bean meal, fish meal, wheat pollard, corn, molasses, crude palm oil, broken rice, and Brachariahumidicola hay. The protein level and energy level in all treatment diet was isocaloric and isonitrogenous (Crude Protein ~ 16.3% and Metabolizable Energy ~ 10.3MJ/kg). The Lupin composition in three treatment diets was 0%, 10% and 30%, respectively. Twenty four Boer goats, age 8-9 months old were used in this study which was divided into three equal groups. The adaptability period was 14 days and the feeding trial goes for 103 days. All goats were slaughtered according to Malaysian Halal Protocol 2009. The results revealed no significant differences (P<0.05) in the initial weight, final weight, weight gain, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight and dressing percentage among the groups. There was also no significant difference on carcass composition: production of lean meat, and bone to fat ratio among the groups. Thus, this study showed that Lupin can be used as an alternative for protein source in goats reared in tropical condition and its performance in term of weight gain and carcass composition is as good as soybean meal

Effect of dietary protein level during early brooding phase on subsequent growth performance and morphological development of digestive system in crossbred kampung chicken

A study was undertaken to investigate the growth performance and morphological development of the digestive system in the crossbred kampung chicken, in response to changes in dietary protein levels during the early brooding phase. Nine hundred day-old crossbred kampung chicks were utilised in the study which lasted over 28 days. The chicks were randomly divided into three equal treatment groups. Three dietary protein (CP) treatments were imposed from the age of one day till 12 days, namely high protein (25% CP), medium protein (21% CP) and low protein (17% CP) feeds. This was followed by a common commercial starter feed (21% CP) given to all birds until the termination of the study on day 28. The growth parameters investigated were feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Gross morphology of the digestive system was assessed on sampled birds at ages 14 and 28 days. The digestive organs considered included the crop, proventriculus, gizzard, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, and colon. Over the study periods of 1-12, 12-28, and 1-28 days, significant differences in body weight gain and feed intake were observed among the three dietary treatment groups while no differences were noted in terms of feed conversion ratio. Birds on the high protein diet gained more weight and consumed more feed than the birds on the lower protein treatment. In general, no significant effects of dietary protein levels on the morphological development of the digestive system were observed. It is concluded that within the limits of the experimental conditions imposed, provision of high dietary protein during the early brooding phase resulted in an improved subsequent growth performance of the crossbred kampung chicken. However, the high dietary protein consumed apparently did not help to improve the morphological development of the digestive system of the birds

Effects of feeding different level of lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) on growth performance of Boer goats

Boer goats (n=24) aged 8-9 month old were used to assess the effects of feeding different level of lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) on growth performance. The goats were divided into 3 groups (n=8) and fed feeding trial for 103 days with total mixed ration (TMR) diets containing different level of Lupin: TMR A (0 % Lupin), TMR B (10 % Lupin) and TMR C (30% Lupin). The final weight, average daily gain (ADG), total weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) for all the experimental groups were similar (P>0.05). However, there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the total feed intake (TFI) and dry matter intake (DMI) for the TMR C group compared to the TMR A and B groups. The current results indicate the potential utilization of lupin as protein source in Boer goat feeding