Leucoma sartus

Leucoma sartus (Erschoff, 1874) (Fig 3, 21) Ocneria sartus Erschoff, 1874: 36; Grum-Grshimailo, 1890: 560. Stilpnotia sartus: Staudinger & Rebel, 1901: 117; Swinhoe, 1922: 462; Chao, 1978: 56. Leucoma sartus: Kozhanchikov, 1950: 350; Chao, 2003: 293. Diagnosis. The species can be easily distinguished from its congeners by yellow brown forewings, and aedeagus with a cluster of sparse setae on vesica. Material examined. 1♂, Wild Fruit Forest Scenic Area, Xinyuan County, Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, 14.VII.2016, leg L.S. Chen. Distribution. China (Xinjiang), Russia.Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma Hübner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on page 364, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/635837

Leucoma salicis

Leucoma salicis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Figs 1, 19) Phalaena salicis Linnaeus, 1758: 502; Fueszli, 1775: 35. Liparis salicis: Ochsenheimer, 1810: 198. Laria salicis: Meigen, 1832: 4. Stilpnotia salicis: Humphreys & Westwood, 1841: 90; Swinhoe, 1922: 462; Chao, 1978: 52. Leucoma salicis: Ballion, 1864: 368; Chao, 2003: 284; Zahiri et al., 2012: 107; Wang et al., 2015: 583. Stilpnotia nigripennata Staudinger, 1900: 338; Swinhoe, 1922: 462. Leucoma salicis ab. rubicunda Strand, 1901: 285. Stilpnotia salicis ab. nigrociliata Fuchs, 1903: 71. Stilpnotia doii Matsumura, 1927: 38. Stilpnotia salicis ab. n. neumanni Bandermann, 1929: 340. Leucoma salicis ab. radiosa Smith, 1954: 97. Leucoma salicis f. infranigricosta Lempke, 1959: 123. Diagnosis. The species is similar to L. candida (Staudinger, 1892) in appearance, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by the main stem of antennae white, without black-brown stripes. It is also similar to both L. candida and L. sartus (Erschoff, 1874) in male genitalia, but can be separated from the latter two by its aedeagus with a sclerotized plate on vesica. Material examined. 1♂, Daxinganling Hanma National Nature Reserve, Jinhe County, Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia, 15.VII.2017, leg Z.P. Miao. 3♂, Gu village, Bomi County, Nyingchi City, Tibet, 28.VII.2017, leg. M. Wang. 1♂, Yigong village, Bomi County, Nyingchi City, Tibet, 14.VII.2017, leg. M. Wang. 1♂, Beitun County, Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, 15.VII.2012, leg. L.S. Chen. Distribution. China (Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Gansu, Xinjiang, Tibet), Mongolia, Korea, Japan, Russia, Europe, North America.Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma Hübner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on page 363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/635837

Leucoma costalis

Leucoma costalis (Moore, 1879) (Figs 2, 22) Caragola costalis Moore, 1879: 46. Caviria costalis: Hampson, 1893: 491. Redoa costalis: Swinhoe, 1922: 463. Euzora costalis: Bryk, 1934: 122. Stilpnotia costalis: Chao, 1978: 55. Leucoma costalis: Swinhoe, 1906: 541; Chao, 2003: 292; Wang et al., 2015: 583. Diagnosis. The species can be easily separated from its congeners by forewings acute apically, with a black edge at the basal area of costa; valvae wide basally, divided into two arms distally, the ventral arm deeply inward concave at terminal. Material examined. 1♂, Tacheng Town, Weixi County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, 17.VII.2016,leg H.S. Wang. 1♂, Baotai Mountain, Yongping County, Baoshan City, Yunnan, 12.VIII.2018, leg S.Y. Huang. Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan), India.Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma Hübner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on pages 363-364, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/635837

Leucoma niveata

Leucoma niveata (Walker, 1865) (Chao, 1978: Plate VII, Fig. 67; Chao, 2003: Fig. 170) Euproctis niveata Walker, 1865: 350. Redoa niveata: Swinhoe, 1922: 465. Caviria pura: Collenette, 1932: 48. Stilpnotia niveata: Matsumura, 1933: 151. Leucoma niveata: Bryk, 1934: 130; Chao, 2003: 290. Diagnosis. The species is similar to L. ochripes, but can be easily differentiated from the latter by its frons covered with black hairs, the ventral side of abdomen with a black bent near terminal of ventral surface. Distribution. China (Yunnan, Taiwan), Indonesia.Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma Hübner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on page 370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/635837

Finding branched pathways in metabolic network via atom group tracking.

Finding non-standard or new metabolic pathways has important applications in metabolic engineering, synthetic biology and the analysis and reconstruction of metabolic networks. Branched metabolic pathways dominate in metabolic networks and depict a more comprehensive picture of metabolism compared to linear pathways. Although progress has been developed to find branched metabolic pathways, few efforts have been made in identifying branched metabolic pathways via atom group tracking. In this paper, we present a pathfinding method called BPFinder for finding branched metabolic pathways by atom group tracking, which aims to guide the synthetic design of metabolic pathways. BPFinder enumerates linear metabolic pathways by tracking the movements of atom groups in metabolic network and merges the linear atom group conserving pathways into branched pathways. Two merging rules based on the structure of conserved atom groups are proposed to accurately merge the branched compounds of linear pathways to identify branched pathways. Furthermore, the integrated information of compound similarity, thermodynamic feasibility and conserved atom groups is also used to rank the pathfinding results for feasible branched pathways. Experimental results show that BPFinder is more capable of recovering known branched metabolic pathways as compared to other existing methods, and is able to return biologically relevant branched pathways and discover alternative branched pathways of biochemical interest. The online server of BPFinder is available at http://114.215.129.245:8080/atomic/. The program, source code and data can be downloaded from https://github.com/hyr0771/BPFinder

Leucoma sericea

Leucoma sericea (Moore, 1879) (Figs 13–14, 25, 33) Stilpnotia sericea Moore, 1879: 45; Chao, 1978: 55. Caviria sericea horridula Collenette, 1934a: 114. Leucoma sericea horridula: Collenette, 1938: 220. Leucoma horridula: Chao, 2003: 289. Leucoma sericea: Swinhoe, 1922: 460; Holloway, 1999: 108; Wang et al., 2015: 583. Diagnosis. The species resembles L. melanoscela in external characters, but can be clearly distinguished from the latter by the following characters: thorax with a pair of black spots dorsally; hid tarsi white; aedeagus broader distally; female genitalia with a shorter ductus. Material examined. 1♀, Emei mountain, Emeishan County, Leshan City, Sichuan, 20.VII.2020, leg. L.Z. Xie. 1♀, Mao’er mountain, Xing’an County, Guilin City, Guangxi, 10.VII.2020, leg. L.Z. Xie. 1♂, Beibeng Village, Medog County, Nyingchi City, Tibet, 14.VII.2017, leg. M. Wang. 4♂, Nanling National Nature Reserve, Ruyuan County, Shaoguan City, Guangdong, 1–4. VI.2016, leg. H.S. Wang. Distribution. China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Tibet) India, Malaysia.Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma Hübner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on page 369, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/635837

Leucoma clara

Leucoma clara (Walker, 1865) (Wang, 1993: 38) Redoa clara Walker, 1865: 343. Euzora clara: Swinhoe, 1922: 460. Leucoma clara: Wang, 1993: 38. Diagnosis. The species is very similar to L. impressa and L. parallela in wing patterns, but can be easily separated from the latter two by forewings with three arcuate white oblique bands. Distribution. China (Taiwan), India.Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma Hübner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on page 370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/635837

Review of the genus Leucoma Hübner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species

Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi, Wang, Houshuai (2022): Review of the genus Leucoma Hübner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species. Zootaxa 5115 (3): 361-380, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.

Leucoma nyingchiensis Xie, Chen & H. Wang 2022, sp. nov.

Leucoma nyingchiensis Xie, Chen & H. Wang sp. nov. (Figs 15–16, 28, 36) Diagnosis. The species is similar to L. ochripes in external characters, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by the following characters: labial palpi white, male genitalia with a longer saccus, left valva longer than right valva, aedeagus with a small sclerotized digitate projection near the base of vesica. Description. Male adults. Forewing length 37–38mm in holotype, 34–38mm in paratypes. Head: Antennae bipectinate, brown; frons and vertex covered with white dense hairs; labial palpi white. Thorax: dorsally and ventrally covered with white scales, tegula white. Forewing white, R 1 and R 2 almost parallel, R 3, R 4 and R 5 stalked, M 1 arising from upper angle of discal cell, M 2 and M 3 arising from the lower angle of discal cell respectively, Cu 1 and Cu 2 approximately parallel, fringe white. Hind wing white; Rs and M 1 short stalked, M 2 and M 3 arising from the lower angle of discal cell respectively, fringe white. Legs densely covered with white hairs, except fore femur mixed with pale yellow scales. Male genitalia. Uncus broad basally, hook-shaped apically; tegumen broad; valvae slightly asymmetric; the left valva longer than the right one, finger-like terminally; the right valva relatively wide, dorsal edge enfolded; both sides of valvae with a small cluster of setea on cucullus; saccus long, tongue-shaped; aedeagus short, with a small sclerotized digitate projection near the base of vesica; vesica simple, without spines. Female. Unknown. Material examined. Holotype: 1♂, Damuloba Autonomous Town, Medog County, Nyingchi City, Tibet, altitude of 2087m, 15–17.VIII.2020, leg. W. Da, J. R. He. Paratypes: 5♂, same data as holotype. Distribution. China (Tibet). Etymology. The species names after the type locality Nyingchi City.Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma Hübner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on pages 370-371, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/635837

Leucoma chrysoscela

Leucoma chrysoscela (Collenette, 1934) (Figs 7–8, 23, 32) Caviria chrysoscela Collenette, 1934a: 114. Leucoma chrysoscela: Collenette, 1938: 220; Chao, 2003: 288; Wang et al., 2015: 583. Stilpnotia chrysoscela: Chao, 1978: 55. Diagnosis. The species is very superficially simiar to L. ochripes, but can be distinguished from the latter by tarsi pale yellow, with white band terminally; pectionations of antennae dark-brown. The species is also similar to L. impressa (Snellen, 1877) in male genitalia, but can be easily separated from the latter by the right valva longer than the left one, without bifurcation at cucullus. Material examined. 1♂, Nanling National Nature Reserve, Ruyuan County, Shaoguan City, Guangdong, 11– 14. V.2018, leg. M. Wang. 1♀, Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Shixing County, Shaoguan City, Guangdong, 28–31. V.2019, leg. M. Wang. 1♂, Shimentai National Nature Reserve, Yingde County, Qingyuan City, Guangdong, 29.IV.2018, leg. M. Wang. 1♂, Jianfengling National Forest Park, Ledong Li Autonomous County, Hainan, 12.IV.2009, leg. M. Wang. Distribution. China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan), Vietnam. Remarks. The female genitalia of this species are illustrated here for the first time. The anterior apophysis is almost as long as posterior apophysis, the ostium is relatively small, the ductus broad basally, narrow distally, and the bursa with a stripe-like signum.Published as part of Xie, Linzhe, Wang, Ming, Chen, Yusi & Wang, Houshuai, 2022, Review of the genus Leucoma Hübner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 361-380 in Zootaxa 5115 (3) on page 365, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/635837