Dryocoetiops krivetsae sp. n. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Dryocoetini), the northernmost species of the genus: conflicts between molecular and morphological data in the tribe Dryocoetini

Kerchev, Ivan A., Ilinsky, Yury Yu., Bykov, Roman A., Mandelshtam, Mikhail Yu. (2023): Dryocoetiops krivetsae sp. n. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Dryocoetini), the northernmost species of the genus: conflicts between molecular and morphological data in the tribe Dryocoetini. Zootaxa 5369 (2): 269-276, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5369.2.6, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5369.2.6/5224

FIGURE 2 in Dryocoetiops krivetsae sp. n. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Dryocoetini), the northernmost species of the genus: conflicts between molecular and morphological data in the tribe Dryocoetini

FIGURE 2. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the tribe Dryocoetini based on the 417 bp COI region. The GenBank or BOLD accession numbers are indicated. The new species Dryocoetiops krivetsae is highlighted in bold. Bootstrap (1000 replicates) values higher than 60 are provided. N.B.: synonyms of D. moestus (=D. coffeae and D. cf. eugeniae) are given according to invalid specific epithets listed in GenBank.Published as part of <i>Kerchev, Ivan A., Ilinsky, Yury Yu., Bykov, Roman A. & Mandelshtam, Mikhail Yu., 2023, Dryocoetiops krivetsae sp. n. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Dryocoetini), the northernmost species of the genus: conflicts between molecular and morphological data in the tribe Dryocoetini, pp. 269-276 in Zootaxa 5369 (2)</i> on page 273, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5369.2.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10150742">http://zenodo.org/record/10150742</a&gt

FIGURE 1 in Dryocoetiops krivetsae sp. n. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Dryocoetini), the northernmost species of the genus: conflicts between molecular and morphological data in the tribe Dryocoetini

FIGURE 1. Dryocoetiops krivetsae (female), paratype, habitus and details. A–F: habitus; C: frons; G: antennae; D, H: declivity.Published as part of <i>Kerchev, Ivan A., Ilinsky, Yury Yu., Bykov, Roman A. & Mandelshtam, Mikhail Yu., 2023, Dryocoetiops krivetsae sp. n. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Dryocoetini), the northernmost species of the genus: conflicts between molecular and morphological data in the tribe Dryocoetini, pp. 269-276 in Zootaxa 5369 (2)</i> on page 271, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5369.2.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10150742">http://zenodo.org/record/10150742</a&gt

FIGURE 3 in Dryocoetiops krivetsae sp. n. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Dryocoetini), the northernmost species of the genus: conflicts between molecular and morphological data in the tribe Dryocoetini

FIGURE 3. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the tribe Dryocoetini based on the 406 bp 28S rRNA region. The GenBank or BOLD accession numbers are indicated. The new species Dryocoetiops krivetsae is highlighted in bold. Bootstrap (1000 replicates) values higher than 60 are provided. N.B.: Synonyms of D. moestus (=D. coffeae and D. cf. eugeniae) are given according to invalid specific epithets listed in GenBank.Published as part of <i>Kerchev, Ivan A., Ilinsky, Yury Yu., Bykov, Roman A. & Mandelshtam, Mikhail Yu., 2023, Dryocoetiops krivetsae sp. n. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Dryocoetini), the northernmost species of the genus: conflicts between molecular and morphological data in the tribe Dryocoetini, pp. 269-276 in Zootaxa 5369 (2)</i> on page 274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5369.2.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10150742">http://zenodo.org/record/10150742</a&gt

Various Wolbachia genotypes differently influence host Drosophila dopamine metabolism and survival under heat stress conditions

Abstract Background One of the most widespread prokaryotic symbionts of invertebrates is the intracellular bacteria of Wolbachia genus which can be found in about 50% of insect species. Wolbachia causes both parasitic and mutualistic effects on its host that include manipulating the host reproductive systems in order to increase their transmission through the female germline, and increasing the host fitness. One of the mechanisms, promoting adaptation in biological organisms, is a non-specific neuroendocrine stress reaction. In insects, this reaction includes catecholamines, dopamine, serotonin and octopamine, which act as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and neurohormones. The level of dopamine metabolism correlates with heat stress resistance in Drosophila adults. Results To examine Wolbachia effect on Drosophila survival under heat stress and dopamine metabolism we used five strains carrying the nuclear background of interbred Bi90 strain and cytoplasmic backgrounds with different genotype variants of Wolbachia (produced by 20 backcrosses of Bi90 males with appropriate source of Wolbachia). Non-infected Bi90 strain (treated with tetracycline for 3 generations) was used as a control group. We demonstrated that two of five investigated Wolbachia variants promote changes in Drosophila heat stress resistance and activity of enzymes that produce and degrade dopamine, alkaline phosphatase and dopamine-dependent arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase. What is especially interesting, wMelCS genotype of Wolbachia increases stress resistance and the intensity of dopamine metabolism, whereas wMelPop strain decreases them. wMel, wMel2 and wMel4 genotypes of Wolbachia do not show any effect on the survival under heat stress or dopamine metabolism. L-DOPA treatment, known to increase the dopamine content in Drosophila, levels the difference in survival under heat stress between all studied groups. Conclusions The genotype of symbiont determines the effect that the symbiont has on the stress resistance of the host insect

The impact of FOXO on dopamine and octopamine metabolism in Drosophila under normal and heat stress conditions

The forkhead boxO transcription factor (FOXO) is a component of the insulin signalling pathway and plays a role in responding to adverse conditions, such as oxidative stress and starvation. In stressful conditions, FOXO moves from the cytosol to the nucleus where it activates gene expression programmes. Here, we show that FOXO in Drosophila melanogaster responds to heat stress as it does to other stressors. The catecholamine signalling pathway is another component of the stress response. In Drosophila, dopamine and octopamine levels rise steeply under heat, nutrition and mechanical stresses, which are followed by a decrease in the activity of synthesis enzymes. We demonstrate that the nearly twofold decline of FOXO expression in foxoBG01018 mutants results in dramatic changes in the metabolism of dopamine and octopamine and the overall response to stress. The absence of FOXO increases tyrosine decarboxylase activity, the first enzyme in octopamine synthesis, and decreases the enzymatic activity of enzymes in dopamine synthesis, alkaline phosphatase and tyrosine hydroxylase, in young Drosophila females. We identified the juvenile hormone as a mediator of FOXO regulation of catecholamine metabolism. Our findings suggest that FOXO is a possible trigger for endocrinological stress reactions

Prevalence and genetic diversity of Wolbachia endosymbiont and mtDNA in Palearctic populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract Background Maternally inherited Wolbachia symbionts infect D. melanogaster populations worldwide. Infection rates vary greatly. Genetic diversity of Wolbachia in D. melanogaster can be subdivided into several closely related genotypes coinherited with certain mtDNA lineages. mtDNA haplotypes have the following global distribution pattern: mtDNA clade I is mostly found in North America, II and IV in Africa, III in Europe and Africa, V in Eurasia, VI is global but very rare, and VIII is found in Asia. The wMel Wolbachia genotype is predominant in D. melanogaster populations. However, according to the hypothesis of global Wolbachia replacement, the wMelCS genotype was predominant before the XX century when it was replaced by the wMel genotype. Here we analyse over 1500 fly isolates from the Palearctic region to evaluate the prevalence, genetic diversity and distribution pattrern of the Wolbachia symbiont, occurrence of mtDNA variants, and finally to discuss the Wolbachia genotype global replacement hypothesis. Results All studied Palearctic populations of D. melanogaster were infected with Wolbachia at a rate of 33–100%. We did not observe any significant correlation between infection rate and longitude or latitude. Five previously reported Wolbachia genotypes were found in Palearctic populations with a predominance of the wMel variant. The mtDNA haplotypes of the I_II_III clade and V clade were prevalent in Palearctic populations. To test the recent Wolbachia genotype replacement hypothesis, we examined three genomic regions of CS-like genotypes. Low genetic diversity was observed, only two haplotypes of the CS genotypes with a ‘CCG’ variant predominance were found. Conclusion The results of our survey of Wolbachia infection prevalence and genotype diversity in Palearctic D. melanogaster populations confirm previous studies. Wolbachia is ubiquitous in the Palearctic region. The wMel genotype is dominant with local occurrence of rare genotypes. Together with variants of the V mtDNA clade, the variants of the ‘III+’ clade are dominant in both infected and uninfected flies of Palearctic populations. Based on our data on Wolbachia and mtDNA in different years in some Palearctic localities, we can conclude that flies that survive the winter make the predominant symbiont contribution to the subsequent generation. A comprehensive overview of mtDNA and Wolbachia infection of D. melanogaster populations worldwide does not support the recent global Wolbachia genotype replacement hypothesis. However, we cannot exclude wMelCS genotype rate fluctuations in the past