Amrasca (Quartasca) czerwcowa , Dworakowska 1977

Amrasca (Quartasca) czerwcowa (Dworakowska), new record from China (Figs 37–40) Laokayana (Quartasca) czerwcowa Dworakowska, 1972: 27 Amrasca (Quartasca) czerwcowa (Dworakowska), Dworakowska, 1977a: 16 Material examined: 1♂, China, Hainan, Bawangling, 25-V-1983, coll. Yalin ZHANG, by light trap. 1♂, China, Hunan, Hengshan Mountain, 10-VIII-1985, coll. Yalin ZHANG & Yonghui CHAI (NWAFU). 1♂ 1♀, 11-VIII- 1985, coll. Yalin ZHANG & Yonghui CHAI; 1♂, Yunnan, Menglun, 21-IV-1982, coll. Jingruo ZHOU & Sumei WANG; 1♂, Hainan, Botanical garden, 1-VI-1983, Yalin ZHANG, by light trap; 1♂, Yunnan, Mengyang, Sanchahe, 7-VI-1991, coll. Rungang TIAN, Wanzhi CAI & Yinglun WANG, by light trap (NWAFU). Distribution. China (Hainan), Vietnam.Published as part of Xu, Ye, Wang, Yuru, Dietrich, Christopher H., Fletcher, Murray J. & Qin, Daozheng, 2017, Review of Chinese species of the leafhopper genus Amrasca Ghauri (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with description of a new species, species checklist and notes on the identity of the Indian cotton leafhopper in Zootaxa 4353 (2), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4353.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/106526

Amrasca Ghauri 1967

Amrasca Ghauri, 1967 Amrasca Ghauri, 1967: 159. Type species: Amrasca splendens Ghauri, 1967 by original designation. Sundapteryx Dworakowska, 1970: 708. Type species: Chlorita biguttula Ishida, 1913 by original designation. Synonymized by Dworakowska & Viraktamath, 1975: 530. Laokayana Dworakowska, 1972: 27. Type species: Empoasca bombaxia Ghauri, 1965 by original designation. Synonymized by Dworakowska & Viraktamath, 1975: 530. Description. Body delicate. Head including eyes slightly wider than pronotum in dorsal view (Figs 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 37, 39). Crown produced medially, anterior and posterior margins not parallel, coronal suture not reaching anterior margin (Figs 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 37, 39). Profile of transition of vertex to face somewhat rounded (Figs 2, 7, 11, 15, 21, 38). Ocelli distinct, located on margin between vertex and frons near eyes (Figs 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 39, 40). Lateral frontal sutures extended to ocelli but not continuing to midline (Figs 4, 9, 13, 17, 20, 40). Face broad, anteclypeus weakly convex, not swollen (Figs 4, 9, 13, 17, 20, 40). Pronotum moderate to large (Figs 3, 8, 12, 16, 19, 39). Forewing narrow, rounded apically, apical cells occupying nearly one-third of total length; vein RP arising from r cell, MP’ and MP’’+CuA’ dissociated at their bases, both arising from m cell; c and r cells nearly equal in width, both narrower than m and cua cells; 2nd apical cell narrowed at base, broadened apically (Fig. 22). Hind wing with CuA unbranched (Fig. 23). Front femur row AV with 1 basal seta distinctly enlarged. Front femur AM1 distinctly enlarged. Middle femur with 1 dorsoapical macroseta. Hind tibia row AV with 4 or 5 preapical macrosetae. Male basal abdominal apodemes developed, parallel-sided or widely divergent (Figs 5, 24). Male pygofer with small rigid microsetae scattered over distal portion or restricted to apex of lobe (Figs 25–29); dorsal bridge short (Figs 25, 29). Ventral appendage present (Figs 26–28, 30). Subgenital plate extended well beyond pygofer side, A and B group setae present or unrecognizable, C group setae sharply pointed near base, reaching or not reaching to apex of the plate, D group setae long and fine (Figs 26, 27, 34). Paramere broad at base, sharply pointed apically, apophysis bearing prominent dentifer and a few slender setae in apical half (Fig. 35). Connective broad anteriorly, strongly narrowed near midlength and tapered to posterior apex, anterior margin straight or weakly concave, without median lobe or with distinct median lobe (Fig. 33). Aedeagal shaft tubular, process absent, preatrium developed, dorsoatrium absent (Figs 31, 32). Anal tube appendage well developed (Figs 27, 36). Remarks. Among genera in the Empoasca -complex Eastern Hemisphere, Amrasca is most similar to Jacobiasca Dworakowska and Jacobiella Dworakowska in having vein RP arising from r cell, MP’ and MP’’+CuA’ arising from cell m and hind wing vein CuA unbranched, in having the connective not fused with base of aedeagus and in having a well developed ventral pygofer appendage. Amrasca differs from Jacobiasca in having the paramere not strongly curved apically and in lacking a pair of enlarged setae on the pregenital male abdominal sternite, and from Jacobiella in having the subgenital plate not broadened dorsomedially and the anal tube not elongated. Amrasca also differs from both genera in having the male basal abdominal apodemes well developed. Based on its current species composition, Amrasca is somewhat heterogeneous in the form and chaetotaxy of the subgenital plate. Two subgenera have previously been recognized largely based on differences in chaetotaxy: the nominotypical subgenus and A. (Quartasca) Dworakowska, which differs from Amrasca (Amrasca) in having the long fine setae of the subgenital plate restricted to the basal half. Here we recognize a third valid subgenus, A. (Sundapteryx) Dworakowska. The latter was originally described as a separate genus by Dworakowska (1970) based on type species Chlorita biguttula Ishida but was subsequently treated as a junior synonym of Amrasca by Dworakowska & Viraktamath (1975). This subgenus is characterized by the presence of macrosetae only in the basal half of the subgenital plate and by the presence of apodemes and other modifications to the male pregenital tergites (Fig. 5). Species of the other two currently recognized subgenera have macrosetae extended from the base to or near the apex of the subgenital plate and lack apodemes and other modifications to pregenital abdominal tergites VI-VIII. It may be desirable to subdivide Amrasca further once the genus becomes better known. Distribution. Oriental and Australian Regions.Published as part of Xu, Ye, Wang, Yuru, Dietrich, Christopher H., Fletcher, Murray J. & Qin, Daozheng, 2017, Review of Chinese species of the leafhopper genus Amrasca Ghauri (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with description of a new species, species checklist and notes on the identity of the Indian cotton leafhopper in Zootaxa 4353 (2), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4353.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/106526

Review of Chinese species of the leafhopper genus Amrasca Ghauri (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with description of a new species, species checklist and notes on the identity of the Indian cotton leafhopper

Xu, Ye, Wang, Yuru, Dietrich, Christopher H., Fletcher, Murray J., Qin, Daozheng (2017): Review of Chinese species of the leafhopper genus Amrasca Ghauri (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with description of a new species, species checklist and notes on the identity of the Indian cotton leafhopper. Zootaxa 4353 (2), DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.2.

Analysis of nonstationarity in renal autoregulation mechanisms using time-varying transfer and coherence functions

The extent to which renal blood flow dynamics vary in time and whether such variation contributes substantively to dynamic complexity have emerged as important questions. Data from Sprague-Dawley rats (SDR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were analyzed by time-varying transfer functions (TVTF) and time-varying coherence functions (TVCF). Both TVTF and TVCF allow quantification of nonstationarity in the frequency ranges associated with the autoregulatory mechanisms. TVTF analysis shows that autoregulatory gain in SDR and SHR varies in time and that SHR exhibit significantly more nonstationarity than SDR. TVTF gain in the frequency range associated with the myogenic mechanism was significantly higher in SDR than in SHR, but no statistical difference was found with tubuloglomerular (TGF) gain. Furthermore, TVCF analysis revealed that the coherence in both strains is significantly nonstationary and that low-frequency coherence was negatively correlated with autoregulatory gain. TVCF in the frequency range from 0.1 to 0.3 Hz was significantly higher in SDR (7 out of 7, >0.5) than in SHR (5 out of 6, <0.5), and consistent for all time points. For TGF frequency range (0.03–0.05 Hz), coherence exhibited substantial nonstationarity in both strains. Five of six SHR had mean coherence (<0.5), while four of seven SDR exhibited coherence (<0.5). Together, these results demonstrate substantial nonstationarity in autoregulatory dynamics in both SHR and SDR. Furthermore, they indicate that the nonstationarity accounts for most of the dynamic complexity in SDR, but that it accounts for only a part of the dynamic complexity in SHR