Hydatidosis and Intervention Strategies

Human echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection caused by larval forms (metacestodes) of tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus. Among the recognised species, Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis are of considerable medical importance, causing cystic and alveolar echinococcosis (AE and CE), respectively. The factors of immunology, host-genetic inherits, and Echinococcus genetic-diversity and adaption clearly influence infectious establishment and disease progression. However, subtle mechanisms between host and parasite interactions/relationships are still open to study for answers. Despite the global burden, echinococcosis remains a neglected zoonosis. The importance of environmental factors influencing the transmission intensity and distribution of Echinococcus species is increasingly being recognised. The intervention strategies for this public health threat have integrated host immune-genetic research, parasite adaptation, and genetic diversity analysis, as well as the transmission dynamic investigations; the limitations of current control programmes are clearly presented in this study that hampers the elimination of Echinococcus species worldwide. Continuous efforts by multidiscipline researches are needed

Current Research Advance on Echinococcosis

Echinococcosis is caused by infection with larva (metacestode) of the tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus. Within genus Echinococcus, two species are known as public health concern worldwide: Echinococcus guanulosus causing cystic echinococcosis (CE) and Echinococcus multilocularis causing alveolar echinococcosis (AE). The co-evaluation due to the interaction between parasites and their hosts has been well known to be able to allow tolerating to maintain parasitism as long as possible. With many research advanced findings, scientists have been much interested in using either those molecules from parasites producing due to invading and surviving or those cytokines from hosts responding due to defenses to carry out immunotherapeutic practice that is not only against parasitic infection but also for cancer or other immunological related disorders. Taken advance of knowledge on Echinococcus genome research outcomes, recent attentions regarding the discoveries of targeting antiparasitic drug and/or vaccine were extensively discussed in this review

Exploring High School IT Course Teaching Resources in the Context of Educational Digital Transformation

The Chinese Ministry of Education initiated the implementation of the “National Education Digitalization Strategy Action” in 2022. The digital transformation of education has become a significant strategy in China’s educational reform and development in the new era, which is of great significance for the construction of high school information technology course teaching resources. This paper first introduces the concept and current situation of digital transformation and discusses the classification and existing issues of current high school information technology teaching resources. Next, it analyzes the future development direction and focus of high school information technology course teaching resources, including the development and utilization of digital educational resources, the construction and application of virtual laboratories, the development of personalized educational resources, the optimization and popularization of online education platforms, and the promotion of educational resource sharing and open education. Finally, this paper proposes development strategies and measures for high school information technology teaching resource construction, including strengthening the construction of educational informatization infrastructure, actively exploring the development and application of personalized educational resources, promoting educational resource sharing, and strengthening educational teaching management

A Novel Fifth-Degree Cubature Kalman Filter for Real-Time Orbit Determination by Radar

A novel fifth-degree cubature Kalman filter is proposed to improve the accuracy of real-time orbit determination by ground-based radar. A fully symmetric cubature rule, approaching the Gaussian weighted integral of a nonlinear function in general form, is introduced, and the specific points and weights are calculated by matching the monomials of degree not greater than five with the exact values. On the basis of the above rule, a novel fifth-degree cubature Kalman filter, which can achieve a higher accuracy than UKF and CKF, is derived under the Bayesian filtering framework. Then, to describe the nonlinear system more accurately, the orbital dynamics equation with J2 perturbation is used as the state equation, and the nonlinear relationship between the radar measurement elements and orbital states is built as the measurement equation. The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional third-degree algorithm, the proposed fifth-degree algorithm has a higher accuracy of orbit determination

On-the-fly machine learning for parametrization of the effective Hamiltonian

The first-principles-based effective Hamiltonian is widely used to predict and simulate the properties of ferroelectrics and relaxor ferroelectrics. However, the parametrization method of the effective Hamiltonian is complicated and hardly can resolve the systems with complex interactions and/or complex components. Here, we developed an on-the-fly machine learning approach to parametrize the effective Hamiltonian based on Bayesian linear regression. The parametrization is completed in molecular dynamics simulations, with the energy, forces and stress predicted at each step along with their uncertainties. First-principles calculations are executed when the uncertainties are large to retrain the parameters. This approach provides a universal and automatic way to compute the effective Hamiltonian parameters for any considered systems including complex systems which previous methods can not handle. BaTiO3 and Pb(Sc,Ta)O3 are taken as examples to show the accurateness of this approach comparing with conventional first-principles parametrization method.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure