Histopathologic evaluation of anti-ulcerogenic effect of montelukast in indomethacin-induced experimental ulcer model

Background/aims: The effects of anti-ulcerogenic drugs are dependent on the increase in prostaglandin production and reduction in leukotriene production in the gastric mucosa. Montelukast is an anti-asthmatic drug, a selective reversible cysteinyl leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-ulcerogenic effect of montelukast and to investigate the relationship between its anti-ulcerogenic effect and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration in the gastric tissues. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into five groups. Distilled water (control group), famotidine (40 mg/kg), and montelukast (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) were given orally (gavage). Thirty minutes later, indomethacin (25 mg/kg) was administered to all the groups. Six hours later, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation. The ulcer indexes for each stomach and the ulcer inhibition rates for each group were calculated, and the stomachs were later evaluated histopathologically (polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration). Results: Ulcer inhibition rates were as follows: famotidine 96.14% and montelukast 59.96%, 72.65% and 76.97% (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively). Montelukast (10 and 20 mg/kg) showed effects similar to those of famotidine histopathologically. Conclusions: In this study, it was observed that there was a relationship between the anti-ulcerogenic effect of montelukast and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration in the gastric mucosa, and montelukast behaved as an anti-ulcerogenic drug both macroscopically and microscopically

The effects of ketamine, midazolam and ketamine/xylazine on acute lung injury induced by ?-naphthylthiourea in rats

Objectives. Ketamine is a drug used in human and veterinary medicine, primarily for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, analgesia (particularly in emergency medicine), and treatment of bronchospasm. Midazolam is the preferred drug in intensive care units for sedation and anesthesia. Ketamine/xylazine combination is used as an anesthetic agent in veterinary medicine and experimental animals. Aside from anaesthetic properties, these agents can cause physiologic and metabolic alterations and modulate and improve the inflammatory responses. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of ketamine, midazolam, and veterinary and experimentally used ketamine/xylazine combination in acute lung injury induced by ?-naphthylthiourea (ANTU). Material and Methods. ANTU was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) in rats at the dose of 10 mg/kg. Ketamine (15, and 50 mg/kg, i.p.), midazolam (2 and 4 mg/kg, i.p.), and ketamine/xylazine (50/10 mg/kg, i.p.) administered to rats 30 min prior to ANTU. Four hours later, the lung weight/body weight (LW/BW) ratio and pleural effusion (PE) were measured. Histopathological changes were documented in each lung tissue, including intra-alveolar hemorrhage, alveolar edema and inflammation. The severity of the lung injury was scored (0-3). Results. Ketamine, midazolam and ketamine/xylazine had a significant prophylactic effect on pleural effusion formation at all doses and significantly reduced pleural effusion. Ketamine caused a significant reduction of inflammation, hemorrhage and edema scoring and midazolam (2 mg/kg) and ketamine/xylazine caused a significant reduction of inflammation and edema scoring. Conclusions. It can be concluded that ketamine and midazolam may attenuate lung injuries induced by ANTU. In addition to their anesthetic or sedative properties, the prophylactic effects of these agents on lung tissue damage will contribute to the treatment of intensive care unit diseases including acute lung injury. Similarly, the effects of these agents on lung pathophysiology should be considered in experimental applications. © Copyright by Wroclaw Medical University

Giant liposarcoma in hemithorax

A 57-year-old female with obesity was admitted to the emergency service with the complaint of severe dyspnea and chest pain. Chest X-ray showed opacity occupying left hemithorax completely and the right mediastinal shift. Thoracic computed tomography indicated a heterogeneous density of a giant mass in the left hemithorax and right mediastinal shift. Complete surgical resection of the liposarcoma was performed. The pathological examination following surgery suggested pleural liposarcoma. In this article, treatment of pleural liposarcoma was discussed in the light of literature review

Effect of the endothelin receptor antagonist tezosentan on alpha-naphthylthiourea-induced lung injury in rats

Acute lung injury is an inflammatory syndrome that increases the permeability of the blood-gas barrier, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Despite intensive research, treatment options remain limited. We investigated the protective efficacy of tezosentan, a novel, dual endothelin receptor antagonist, in an experimental model of alpha-naphthylthiourea (ANTU)-induced acute lung injury in rats. ANTU was intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected into rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Tezosentan was injected 30 minutes before ANTU was subcutaneously (s.c.) injected at doses of 2, 10, or 30 mg/kg, 60 minutes before ANTU was injected at doses of 2, 10, or 30 mg/kg (i.p.), and 90 minutes before ANTU at a dose of 10 mg/kg (i.p.). Four hours later, the lung weight/body weight (LW/BW) ratio and pleural effusion (PE) were measured. When injected 30 minutes before ANTU at doses of 2, 10, or 30 mg/kg (s.c.), tezosentan had no effect on lung pathology. When injected 60 minutes before ANTU at doses of 2, 10, or 30 mg/kg (i.p.) or 90 minutes before ANTU (10 mg/kg, i.p.), tezosentan significantly decreased the PE/BW ratio and had a prophylactic effect on PE formation at all doses. Therefore, tezosentan may attenuate lung injury. Furthermore, its acute and inhibitory effects on fluid accumulation were more effective in the pleural cavity than in the interstitial compartment in this experimental model. © 2011, Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved

Classic Kaposi sarcoma with sarcoid-like granulomas: A case report and literature review

The occurrence of granulomatous reactions within lymph nodes that drain carcinomas is well known but uncommon. Even more rarely, granulomas may occur within the stroma of tumors. These lesions, called sarcoid-like reactions, commonly accompany carcinomas but are very rare in sarcomas. This study presents a case of classic Kaposi sarcoma that contained sarcoid-like granulomas, with a literature review. A soft tissue lesion of the foot was excised from a 74-year-old male. Histopathological examination showed that the tumor tissue consisted of spindle cells, areas of atypical vascular proliferation, and extravasated erythrocytes surrounded by non-caseating granulomas. The patient had no clinical or laboratory findings of sarcoidosis. The case was interpreted as "Kaposi sarcoma containing sarcoid-like granulomas". The association of soft tissue sarcomas with a granulomatous reaction is very rare. A granulomatous reaction is reported to be a good prognostic indicator in several carcinoma types, although its importance in sarcomas is unclear. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

The effect of the botulinum toxin-A on craniofacial development: An experimental study

In this study, we developed a novel experimental model to evaluate muscular action on bone formation and remodeling by the help of Botulinum toxin-A (BTX).Forty-nine 15-day-old male Wistar rats were put into 4 groups randomly. Group 1 was the control group. BTX 0.4 IU (0.05 mL) was injected into the right masseter muscle in group 2 and into right temporalis muscle in group 3. The same volume of sterile saline was given into the both above-mentioned muscles in group 4. At the end of the fourth month, all animals were killed. Histology and weight of the masseter and temporalis muscles were studied. Thirty different osteometric measurements were also taken from skulls.Significant atrophy in BTX injected muscles was observed in groups 2 and 3. In group 4 (saline injection), only few osteometric measurements were significantly reduced, indicating the effect of the injection itself. Both groups 2 and 3 have apparent decrease in nasal bone, premaxilla, maxilla, and zygomatic dimensions on the injected side. When masseter group was compared with control and saline groups, no significant difference was found in skull base dimensions and mandibular length. In contrast, temporal group has also shown significant decrease in skull base dimensions.Our conclusions are as follows: (1) With this model, it is possible to study muscular action on bone formation and modeling without any surgical intervention, that is, by avoiding surgical artifacts, such as scar and contracture; (2) denervation of the skeletal muscles with BTX during the growing phase does effect bone development in a negative way; (3) pediatric use of the BTX deserves reevaluation under the light of these findings. © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc

Classic Kaposi sarcoma with sarcoid-like granulomas: a case report and review of the literature

27th International Congress of the International-Academy-of-Pathology -- OCT 12-17, 2008 -- Athens, GREECEWOS: 000259524800907Int Acad Patho

Effects of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligand Ro5-4864 in four animal models of acute lung injury

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a syndrome of inflammation and increased permeability of the blood-gas barrier. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite intensive research, treatments remain limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective efficacy of a specific peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligand, Ro5-4864, in experimental models of ALI in rats. Methods: ALI was generated by four different methods: (1) intravenous (tail vein) injection of Escherichia coli (0111:B4) lipopolysaccaride (LPS), (2) cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), (3) mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion, and (4) intraperitoneal injection of ?- naphthylthiourea (ANTU). Ro5-4864 was administered to rats intraperitoneally 30 min before ANTU and LPS administration or intravenously 15 min before reperfusion and CLP. The levels of pulmonary edema (lung weight/body weight ratio) and pleural effusion were measured, and the severity of ALI was scored (0-3). Results: Ro5-4864 showed a dose-dependent and significant prophylactic effect on the ANTU-induced lung weight/body weight and pleural effusion/body weight ratios and histopathologic scores. Ro5-4864 also showed significant prophylactic effects against the LPS-induced lung weight/body weight ratio and histopathologic scores. Ro5-4864 significantly decreased the intra-alveolar edema and perialveolar hemorrhage scores in the CLP group. However, we found no prophylactic effect of Ro5-4864 on mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion-induced ALI at the dose used (2 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Conclusions: These results have demonstrated, for the first time, a protective effect of Ro5-4864 on experimental ALI induced by ANTU, LPS, and CLP. Ro5-4864 might be a useful therapeutic agent for lung diseases, including ALI, in intensive care patients. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.The authors would like to thank Dr E. Schilliger (Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) for his gift of ?-naphthylthiourea (Interchim). We also thank Hasan Tahsin Yilmaz and Bayram Cakan for their assistance in the Research Laboratory. The present study was supported by intramural funding from Bulent Ecevit University’s Office of Research and Sponsored Programs

Pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells: A case report and review of the literature [Osteoklast benzeri dev hücreler içeren faringeal skuamöz hücreli karsinom: Olgu sunumu ve literatürün gözden geçirilmesi]

Benign osteoclast-like multinuclear giant cells are rarely found in tumors other than bone and soft tissue neoplasms, and they are even rarer in squamous cell carcinomas. We examined a nasopharyngeal tumor from a 52-year-old female who had undergone surgery one year earlier for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathologically, in addition to tumor infiltration by atypical epithelial cells with squamoid differentiation, giant cells with 10-20 nuclei and a large amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm were seen infiltrating the tumor. The giant cells did not show atypia or mitosis. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells stained for pan-keratin and epithelial membrane antigen, and the giant cells were positive for leukocyte common antigen, CD68, and Mac 387. This case was diagnosed as moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with multinuclear giant cells. In this case, the giant cells infiltrating the tumor were benign and of monocytic/histiocytic origin. Studies including large case series are needed to obtain reliable information on the clinical and prognostic importance of this histological feature

Effects of ozone oxidative preconditioning on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats

Aim: Similar protective effect of ischemic and ozone oxidative preconditioning (OzoneOP) in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury was demonstrated, providing evidences that both preconditioning settings shared similar biochemical mechanisms of protection. We investigated the effects of OzoneOP on liver regeneration after 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx) in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into three groups: PHx, I/R + PHx, and OzoneOP + I/R + PHx groups. Ozone (intraperitoneal, 1.2 mg/kg) was given to rats subjected to I/R and 70% hepatectomy daily five times before operation. At 24 hr and 48 hr after resection, samples were collected for the measurement of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Moreover, liver regeneration rate, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index, mitotic index, and histopathological examination were evaluated. Results: OzoneOP reduced liver injury determined by liver histology and serum transaminases. There was a rise in serum TNF-? and IL-6 levels in the I/R + PHx group whereas OzoneOP significantly decreased the rise in the level of TNF-? but not IL-6 on the 24 hr and 48 hr of reperfusion. Moreover, liver regeneration in OzoneOP + PHx group, as assessed by the regenerated liver weight, mitotic, and PCNA-labeling index, was significantly improved when compared to I/R + PHx group. Conclusion: These results suggest that OzoneOP ameliorates the hepatic injury associated with I/R and has a stimulatory effect on liver cell regeneration that may make it valuable as a hepatoprotective modality. © 2013 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.111S306This research was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK); project grant no. 111S306